Bell Ringer – Match up each description with the correct aspect of consciousness 1. being aware of information about your surroundings gained from sight, hearing, taste, or skin sense. 2. being aware of ourselves and our existence 3. being aware of things inside yourself – memories, feelings, ect. 4. ideas not in our awareness right now, but could be if you had to recall them 5. also called the subconscious – information unavailable to awareness under most circumstances a. Sense of Self b. Sensory awareness c. unconscious level d. inner awareness e. preconscious level

Bell-Ringer Do your best to answer the following questions about dreaming. Use your own experiences as your guide. 1. Can people control their dreams? 2. Can a blind person dream? 3. Did you ever have a reoccurring dream? 4. Why do you think people have reoccurring dreams?

States of Consciousness

Levels of Consciousness Conscious Level Nonconscious Level Preconscious Level Subconscious Level Unconscious Level

The Sleeping Mind

Sleep Sleep is a state of consciousness. We are less aware of our surroundings. Circadian Rhythm – Our 24 hour body cycle

Sleep Cycle Use an EEG machine to measure stages of sleep. When you are the onset of sleep you experience alpha waves. Produces mild hallucinations, like a feeling of falling.

Stage 1 Kind of awake and kind of asleep. Only lasts a few minutes, and you usually only experience it once a night. Your brain produces Theta Waves. Click the couple to see Theta Waves

Stage 2 More Theta Waves that get progressively slower. Begin to show sleep spindles…short bursts of rapid brain waves. Click image to see Stage Two of sleep.

Stages 3 and 4 Slow wave sleep. You produce Delta waves. If awoken you will be very groggy. Vital for restoring body’s growth hormones and good overall health. Click boys to see deep sleep. From stage 4, your brain begins to speed up and you go to stage 3, then 2….then ……

REM Sleep Rapid Eye Movement Brain is very active. Dreams usually occur in REM. Body is essentially paralyzed. Click boy dreaming to see REM sleep.

How Large is Your Sleep Debt? 4 or less – adequate sleep 5 or 6 – Most day’s adequate sleep. Some day’s a person’s sleep account may be a bit short and this may mean that performance is less than 100% on certain activities. 7 or 8 – Evidence of a sleep debt that may cause a noticeable reduction in work efficiency. 9-11 – Definitely a large sleep debt. The person’s work is likely to suffer from large, random errors, even small errors may be missed when work is reviewed a second time.

12-14 – In addition to suffering the same symptoms as those with scores 0f 9-11, the person’s general quality of life suffers. Perhaps the person is less interested in things formerly found to be fascinating and is less inclined to spend time socailizing. The person may also be more accident prone and subject to temporary memory deficits such as momenteraliy forgetting his/her address or phone number. 15-16 – Sleep debt is a major problem. Levels of sleepiness are in the range often found in people with clinical levels of sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea or severe insomnia. This person should increase the amount of sleep he/she gets and should seek professional help if this does not bring scores back below 7.

Sleep Disorders

Insomnia Persistent problems falling asleep Effects 10% of the population

Narcolepsy Suffer from sleeplessness and may fall asleep at unpredictable or inappropriate times. Directly into REM sleep Less than .001 % of population. Skeeter

Sleep Apnea A person stops breathing during their sleep. Wake up momentarily, gasps for air, then falls back asleep. Very common, especially in heavy males. Can be fatal.

Night Terrors Wake up screaming and have no idea why. Not a nightmare. Most common in children (boys) between ages 2-8.

Somnambulism Sleep Walking Most often occurs during the first few hours of sleeping and in stage 4 (deep sleep). If you have had night terrors, you are more likely to sleep walk when older.

Dreams

Freud’s Theory of Dreams Dreams are a roadway into our unconscious. Manifest Content (storyline) Latent Content (underlying meaning)

Manifest Content

Latent Content Dream Interpretation

Activation-Synthesis Theory Our Cerebral Cortex is trying to interpret random electrical activity we have while sleeping. That is why dreams sometimes make no sense. Biological Theory.

Information-Processing Theory Dreams are a way to deal with the stresses of everyday life. We tend to dream more when we are more stressed.

Hypnosis

Hypnosis Altered state of consciousness? Posthypnotic suggestion Posthypnotic amnesia

Drugs

Drugs Our brain is protected by a layer of capillaries called the blood-brain barrier. The drugs that are small enough to pass through are called psychoactive drugs.

Drugs are either…. Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens Opiates If a drug is used often, a tolerance is created for the drug. Thus you need more of the drug to feel the same effect. If you stop using a drug you can develop withdrawal symptoms.

Stimulants Speed up body processes. More powerful ones (like cocaine) give people feelings of invincibility.

Depressants Slows down body processes. Alcohol Barbiturates Tranquilizers

Hallucinogens Psychedelics Causes changes in perceptions of reality LSD, peyote, psilocybin mushrooms and marijuana. Reverse tolerance or synergistic effect

Opiates Euphoria and a sense of well being - blocking out pain. Has depressive and hallucinogenic qualities. Derived from poppy plant. Morphine, heroin, methadone and codeine. Euphoria and a sense of well being - blocking out pain. All these drugs cross the placental barrier….teratogens.