Lesson 3 – Diseases and Disorders of the Reproductive System

Infertility Infertility is the inability to conceive or produce a child. Some causes may be damage to the fallopian tubes, low sperm count, and an imbalance of hormones. Delaying childbearing until later years may also be a factor.

Treatment for infertility involves a few different options: Surgery Fertility drugs Artificial insemination In Vitro fertilization (IVF) Treatment for infertility involves a few different options: Surgery may be used in the case of blocked tubes. Fertility drugs may be used to correct hormone levels and increase the production of sex cells. In artificial insemination, sperm is placed directly in a woman’s uterus or fallopian tube. In in vitro fertilization (IVF), eggs (ova) are removed and combined with sperm outside the body. When the egg is fertilized, it is transferred to the uterus in the female.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are passed on to others primarily through sexual contact and exchange of body fluids. Sexually active people with multiple partners are at the highest risk

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Using condoms provides some protection In most cases of STDs, all sexual partners should be treated. Some examples of STDs include: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes 2 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virus attacks the body’s immune system and greatly weakens its ability to fight off infections and diseases. Eventually it leads to death. The HIV virus does not live long outside of the body, and it is not spread by casual contact. People infected with HIV can remain free of symptoms for many years. When symptoms do appear, they include lack of resistance to infections, weight loss, fatigue, and skin rashes. There is no cure for AIDS at this time. Treatment involves a combination of drugs to slow the disease. Chlamydia is one of the most common STDs. It is caused by bacteria. Symptoms include a burning sensation while urinating and a discharge for both males and females. Treatment involves antibiotics. Like chlamydia, gonorrhea is also caused by bacteria. Symptoms in males include a burning sensation while urinating, green-yellow discharge, sore throat, and swollen glands. Symptoms in females include painful urination, pain in the abdomen, and vaginal discharge. Treatment involves large doses of penicillin or other antibiotics. Herpes 2, or genital herpes, is caused by a virus. Symptoms include a burning sensation, sores that form painful ulcers, and painful urination. Many people have repeated, but milder attacks. There is no cure. Treatment involves promoting the healing of the sores and easing discomfort.