Adesh Khadka Ministry of Finance 9840050399 adesh.khadka@gmail.com eGov & Public Service Adesh Khadka Ministry of Finance 9840050399 adesh.khadka@gmail.com

UN’s take on e-gov UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio de Janeiro, June 2012) , a global consensus was reached that to achieve SDG we need institutions at all levels that are effective, transparent, accountable & democratic. E-government holds tremendous potential to improve the way that governments deliver public services enhance broad stakeholder involvement in public service. WU Hongbo Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs

TRANSFORMATION IN GOVERNMENT Bureaucratic Citizen Centric Fragmented Integrated Authoritarian Service Oriented, Participatory Closed Transparent Intuition/ Guess Work Informed Decision Making Manual Operation Automated

Information & Communication Technologies What is e-government ? It is the transformation of government to provide Efficient Convenient & Transparent Services to the Citizens & Businesses through Information & Communication Technologies

e-Government & e-Governance Transformation of Government Modernization of processes & functions Better delivery mechanisms Citizens are recipients e-Governance A decisional process Use of ICT for wider participation of citizens Citizens are participants

E-GOVERNMENT: WHAT IT IS NOT It is not Computerizing the Existing Government Processes. It is not digitizing the files and documents of the Government. E-Government  Technology E-Government → Government ( Change management and Transformation )

E-GOVERNMENT MODEL

E-GOVERNMENT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Three essential elements e-Gov Applications: application and services software components IT Platform: Data center, application servers and storage Government Info-communications Infrastructure (GII): Physical network components e-Gov Applications GII IT Platform

The Four Pillars of eGov e-Government People Process Technology Resources

EVOLUTION OF E-GOVERNMENT Seamless Phase 5 Transactional Interactive Phase 4 Total integration of e-functions and services across administrative /departmental boundaries Enhance Phase 3 Users can actually pay for services or conduct financial transactions online Emerging Phase 2 Form can be downloaded; Applications submitted online Content and Information is updated with greater regularity Phase 1 Gov website Offers limited, basic, static info. UN/ASPA global survey

Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG) COFOG is a classification defined by the United Nations Statistics Division. 01 - General public services 02 – Defense 03 - Public order and safety 04 - Economic affairs 05 - Environmental protection 06 - Housing and community amenities 07 – Health, 08 - Recreation, culture and religion, 09 – Education, 10 - Social protection, Prepare 3 For assigned group number using same COFOG function number discuss and write 3 potential of ICT Application in that COFOG. Time: 10 Min

E-GOV PROJECT Government Groupware Inland Revenue Department PIS System (MOGA/DOCPR) Supreme Court Financial Comptroller General’s Office Department of Foreign Employment Company Registrar’s Office E- Procurement (PPMO) Ministry of Finance (LMBIS) Ministry of Home Affairs Department of Customs Ministry of Agriculture (AMIS) And more..

Where we stands - UN e-gov Survey

UN egov Survey it aims to give an indicative assessment of the diffusion of e- government through a performance rating of national governments relative to one another

NEPAL E-GOV. DEVELOPMENT INDEX RANKING EGDI 0.2344 Online Service 0.1575 Telecom Infra 0.1684 Human Capital 0.3774 Nepal 2014 Nepal 2016 EGDI 0.3458 Online Service 0.3986 Telecom Infra 0.1675 Human Capital 0.4714 EGDI Rank 2014 2012 2010 2008 2005 2004 Nepal 165 164 153 150 126 32 E-Participation Index 0.2941  Rank 110 of 193 EPART Rank 2014 2012 2010 2008 2005 2004 Nepal 110 134 127 152 73 75 Year 2016 2014 2012 2010 2008 2005 EGDI Rank 135 165 164 153 150 126

WDR- Digital Dividends

But are countries reaping sizable digital dividends? Growth Jobs Services Business People Government Helps businesses to grow, people to find work and entrepreneurial opportunities, and governments to provide better services. AGENTS Are the benefits reaching everyone, everywhere?

1. A significant digital divide remains 6 BILLION without BROADBAND 4 BILLION without INTERNET 2 BILLION without MOBILE PHONES 0.4 BILLION without A DIGITAL SIGNAL Divides persist between and within countries—in access and capability SOURCE: WDR 2016 team based on Research ICT Africa and ITU data

2. Digital technologies hold benefits as well as risks with complements INNOVATION EFFICIENCY INCLUSION DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES CONCENTRATION INEQUALITY CONTROL without complements What are those complements?

Race between technology and complements Complements: Index of quality of institutions, skills and regulations. Technology: Digital adoption index - businesses, people and governments. SOURCE: WDR 2016 team. For more details see figure 5.3 in the full Report.

Connectivity + Complements  Digital Dividends Digital development strategies need to be broader than ICT strategies Regulations that allow firms to connect and compete Skills that leverage technology Institutions that are accountable and capable Digital technologies add two important dimensions They amplify the impact of good (and bad) policies  Failure to reform means falling further behind While not a short-cut to development, they can be an accelerator, by raising the quality of complements The payoff : Increasing digital dividends: Faster growth, more jobs and better services www.worldbank.org/wdr2016

WDR 2016

What about Developed one?

IMPLEMENTATION BARRIERS OF E-GOVERNMENT Policy Barrier Political will and Leadership Policy Strategies and Action plan Law and regulation Coordination and Collaboration Implementation Barriers of e-Government Technological Barrier Connectivity and Infrastructure Content, Database and application Accessibility and Security Socio- Cultural and Financial Barrier Funding Issue Awareness and Education ICT Capacity and Expertise

Finally…. ICT is NO ‘Silver Bullet’ but have tremendous potential as a enabler Institutional Arrangement with e-Government Roadmap Investment in IT infrastructure and Expand the Access for the Citizen Role of skilled human resources is critical for success of any e-gov initiatives Awareness 27

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