Aristotle’s Three Appeals

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Presentation transcript:

Aristotle’s Three Appeals Please take out your notebook for this class. You will use this to take notes and respond. Is this ad effective? Explain.

Review: Analyzing Your Rhetorical Situation Rhetoric, n. “...The art of using language effectively so as to persuade or influence others” (OED). “Whenever you write […] you are writing in the contest of a specific rhetorical situation involving you as the writer, who you’re writing for, what you’re writing, and the medium you use to share what you have written” (Ede 38). Medium Write r Reader Text

Uses of Rhetorical Analysis As a writer: “Analyzing your rhetorical situation can provide information that will enable you to make crucial strategic, structural, and stylistic decisions about your writing” (my italics, Ede 51). As a reader, it is also helpful to think about your writer’s rhetorical situation in order to understand the message he/she is trying to convey.

BUT…what about that text part? The relationship between the writer and the reader alone can dictate the medium. But medium alone cannot convey a writer’s message/idea. How does one know what to write? This was the tricky part in the letter—right? Luckily, someone has thought of a system to help us (writers) convince our readers to see things our way.

Aristotle: Who is he and why is he important? Aristotle (384-322 BCE) was an “ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures of Western history” (Britannica.com) Also a great rhetorician! Iep.utm.edu

Aristotle’s Three Appeals “According to Aristotle, when speakers and writers communicate with others they draw on these three general appeals” (Ede 51): Logos, Pathos, and Ethos. Logos Ethos Pathos

Logos Logos = an appeal to reason “you appeal to logos when you focus on the logical presentation of your subject by providing evidence and examples in support of your ideas” (Ede 51). In other words: Just the facts!

Pathos Pathos = an appeal to emotion, values, and beliefs “You appeal to pathos when you use the resources of language to engage your readers emotionally with your subject or appeal to their values, beliefs, or needs” (Ede 51).

Ethos Ethos = an appeal to the credibility of the speaker or writer “[Y]ou appeal to ethos when you create an image of yourself, a persona, that encourages readers to accept or act on your ideas” (EDE 51)

A little more on Ethos…

Is Colin Kaepernick a credible source of information about cooking? PROBABLY NOT! (yes, you should be laughing right now!)