Chapter 11.3 Kingdoms and Trading States of East Africa What influence did religion and trade have on the development of East Africa?

Objective To learn about Ethiopia and Zimbabwe.

FQ: Feb. 19 “Tomorrow is an idea. Today is reality.” In at least 3 sentences, what does this quote mean to you?

FQ5: Feb. 20 List 5 things you learned about Africa in this chapter.

Focus Q: Dec. 14 Why was salt such a valuable commodity in Africa? Why did Ghana become great? Name 3 main rivers in Africa that are on your map test.

Kingdom of Axum: Center of Goods and Ideas Today: Ethiopia and Eritrea 2 main cities: Adulis, Axum By 400 A.D. command a trade triangle btwn Africa, India, Mediterranean world Variety of goods and slaves are traded

Kingdom of Axum [300-700]

Kingdom of Axum From interior Africa: gold, ivory, animal hides At Adulis: iron, spices, precious stones, cotton cloth Ships carry goods to Red Sea, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean

Axum

Axum Converts to Christianity With trade, ideas spread w/ goods 300 A.D.—Christianity arrives King Ezana makes it official religion of Axum Good for trade w/ N. Africa and Med. world, at first Islam takes over much of Africa—Axum lose many trading partners Civil war, econ. decline weaken Axum

Stele, Ezana’s Royal Tomb, Aksum (4c)

What influence did religion and trade have on the development of East Africa? Religion: Christianity eventually leads to their economic decline, Ethiopia retains Christianity today Trade: cities grow, brings wealth, knowledge, Islam

Ethiopia: An Isolated Christian Outpost Descendants of Axum Church services in Geez: language is a combo of African, Middle Eastern, Jewish traditions Geographically isolated by mountains Culturally isolated by their Christianity

Ethiopia: An Isolated Christian Outpost Christianity give them a unique, unifying sense of identity (kind of like Jews?) Develop a distinct culture from neighboring countries 3. Example of distinct culture: ***King Lalibela’s churches (11) churches carved from ground level DOWN into solid rock***

Christian Church, Lalibela [Ethiopia]

Christian Church Ethiopia

House of the Savior of the World Largest: over 100 ft. long by 80 by 35 ft.

House of Mary

How did the geographic isolation of medieval Ethiopia shape its culture? remained independent Develop unique sense of identity based on their religion

Swahili (Tanzania today) Strong monsoon winds carry ships btwn Africa and India—much trade—Persia, Arabia, China From Africa: ivory, leopard skins, iron, copper, gold, slaves From India, SE Asia, China: cotton cloth, silk, spices, porcelain, glassware, swords ***Trade leads to new culture, language—swahili—Arabic for “of the coast”***

Swahili-Speaking Areas of E. Africa SWAHILI [“the coast’] = Bantu + some Arabic

African Trade Routes

Jokes….. I‘ve decided to run a marathon for charity. I didn’t want to do it at first, but apparently it’s for blind and disabled kids so I think I’ve got a good chance of winning. A wife is like a hand grenade. Take off the ring and say good bye to your house. Why don‘t cannibals eat divorced women? Because they’re bitter.

Great Zimbabwe (stone houses) 1. Great Zimbabwe built by a succession of peoples btwn 900-1500 who brought: Iron, mining methods, improved farming skills Later they built huge walls and palaces Impressive ruins remain from a prosperous and powerful inland empire

Great Zimbabwe Reached their peak about 1300 mined nearby gold ***created profitable commercial (trading) links w/ coastal cities*** ***Archeologists have found beads and porcelain suggesting trading links w/ India and China*** Artisans made cotton cloth, jewelry

Great Enclosure, Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe Street

“Zimbabwe” = “stone enclosure” Great Zimbabwe [1200-1450] “Zimbabwe” = “stone enclosure”

Great Zimbabwe 1. Little known about their govt ***By 1500 GZ was in decline b/c of: Overpopulation*** Probably civil war and declining trade too

11.3 Creative Side Make a simile and draw a picture with at least two objects in it for: Ethiopia Great Zimbabwe Simile format: Ethiopia is like _____ because _______. Great Zimbabwe is like ____ b/c ______.