Supervised By Dr. / Adel Yehia Ezzat Long Term Evolution Supervised By Dr. / Adel Yehia Ezzat

The Theoretical Part - GSM ( 2G ) - GPRS ( 2.5G ) - EDGE ( 2.75G ) - UMTS ( 3G ) - HSDPA ( 3.5G ) - HSUPA ( 3.75G ) - HSPA+ ( 3.75G+ ) - LTE ( 4G )

GSM ( 2G ) GLOBAL SYSTEM MOBILE COMMUNICATION GSM Specifications FDMA & TDMA. 8 & 16 Time Slots. Time Slot Duration = 0.577 ms. Frame Duration = 8 * 0.577 = 4.618 ms. Bit Duration = 3.7 Ms. Total No. Of Bits / ts = 0.577 / 3.7 = 156.25 Bits. FDD. Frequency Band ( 900 , 1800 , 1900 ) MHz. Circuit Switching. Bit Rate 9.6 kbps Applications ( voice calls , sms’s , fax ).

GSM Network Structure

GSM Main Problems Path loss , due to ( Distance , freq. , space loss ). Interference , ( co-channel , adjacent channel ). Fading , ( fast , slow ). Time Delay , due to Distance.

GPRS ( 2.5G ) General Packet Radio Service GPRS Specifications Circuit & Packet Switching. FDMA & TDMA FDD ( separate by freq. ) 8 Time Slots Bit Rate / ts = 21.4 kbps Total Rate = 8 * 21.4 = 171.2 kbps Charging per time at circuit & per volume at packet switching Applications ( internet , sms , web , voice calls )

GPRS Network Structure

EDGE ( 2.75G ) Enhanced Data Rate For GSM Evolution Circuit & Packet Switching FDMA & TDMA FDD 8 Time Slots Bit rate / ts = 69.2 Kbps Total Bit rate = 8 * 69.2 = 553.6 kbps Different modulation technique : 8 psk >> 8 phase shift keying every 3 bit represents by 1 symbol

UMTS ( 3G ) Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Using wide band CDMA These are orthogonal codes to make the cross correlation = 0

CDMA Advantages Spread spectrum technology Cellular concept Soft & softer Hand over Variable speech coder Simple Network Planning

UMTS Codes Channelization codes ( Walsh code ) Scrambling codes ( PN code ) 1- short code 2- long code

UMTS Specifications Total Rate = 2 Mbps W-CDMA FDD or TDD Using Frequency band ( 2100 MHz ) Channel bandwidth = 5 MHz Circuit & Packet Switching Soft & softer Hand over BTS becomes NodeB & BSC becomes RNC Applications ( video calls , mobile TV. , internet , mms )

Compare between HSPA Family HSDPA ( 3.5G ) HSUPA ( 3.75G ) HSPA+ ( 3.75G+ ) Access Technique W-CDMA Modulation 16 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM + MIMO Speed 3.5 Mbps 7.2 Mbps 28.8 Mbps

LTE ( 4G ) Long Term Evolution

LTE targets Increasing the user throughput QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 2*2 4*4

OFDMA Orthogonal freq. Division Multiple Access

OFDMA Advantages OFDMA Disadvantages Best Efficiency Anti Fading Increasing the SNR Increasing the No. of users. OFDMA Disadvantages complexity increasing the power average Ratio

SC-FDMA