BLOOD & TISSUE FLAGELLATES/ HAEMOFLAGELLATES Trypanosoma sp BLOOD & TISSUE FLAGELLATES/ HAEMOFLAGELLATES Trypanosoma sp. Assistant lecturer Ahmed Essam

Trypanosoma sp. T. brucei gambiense - cause: West African sleeping sickness T. brucei rhodesiense - cause: East African sleeping sickness T. cruzi - cause: American trypanosomiasis or ‘Chagas’ disease.

T.b. gambiense frequently goes to CNS Causes the chronic, sleepiness associated with African Sleeping Sickness Apathy, mental dullness, disturbance of coordination Increase in sleepiness, finally to coma, and death. Death may also occur from malnutrition, falling, or other infections

T.b. rhodiensiense rarely invade the CNS but causes death much faster. Usually due to invasion of heart tissue Both subspecies produce intermittent periods of fever, particularly in early stages.

T. brucei. gambiense Cause West African sleeping sickness. “tsetse fly belt” is a large area of Africa that has reported cases of African sleeping sickness. Vector/ intermediate host:(Glossina) tsetsefly.

T. brucei gambiense (Trypomastigotes)

Tsetse fly (Glossina)

West African sleeping sickness Also known as Gambian trypanosomiasis. Chronic course- ends with central nervous involvement and death after several years of durations.

Life cycle of T.brucei

Diagnosis 1. Microscopic examination:(Trypomastigotes in the blood smear). Concentration technique – centrifugation Serologic technique.

T. burcei rhodesiensi (trypomastigotes)

T. cruzi Cause of American trypanosomiasis/ (Chagas disease). Has an intracellular amastigote stage that develops in cardiac, brain and visceral tissues. Also has trypomastigotes in the peripheral circulation.

T. cruzi

Life cycle of T. cruzi

Trypanosoma cruzi vector Triatomine bug(kissing bug),, defecating on the wound after taking a blood meal

Reduviid bug( - triatoma species

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