Electron Configuration Honors Coordinated Science II

Quantum States and Orbitals Quantum state = a specific combination of values of variables such as energy and position that is allowed by quantum theory. We group electrons into different quantum states to describe their electron arrangement.

Quantum States and Orbitals There are 4 shapes associated with quantum states: s, p, d, and f.

Orbitals Orbitals hold electrons, and show the area in which the electrons can be found. S orbitals can hold 2 electrons P orbitals can hold 6 electrons D orbitals can hold 10 electrons

Electron Configurations Electron configuration = a description of which orbitals contain electrons for a particular atom.

Finding Electron Configuration The complete list of orbitals and the order in which they fill for all of the currently discovered elements is: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p The order tells a chemist exactly how the electrons are structured in an atom.

How to find electron configuration:

Book Work Read sections 5.3 and 5.4 Answer questions 43, 49, 52-54, 56, 58, 62. Find the electron configurations for Calcium, Bromine, and Tungsten.

Subshells Subshell Number of Orbitals Max # of Electrons S 1 2 P 3 6 D 5 10 F 7 14

Arrow Notation Yesterday, we learned the “short-hand” method of writing out electron configuration. We can also write electron config. using the box and arrow method.

Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity When more than one orbital of equal energies are available then the electrons will first occupy these orbitals separately with parallel spins. The pairing of electrons will start only after all the orbitals of a given sub level are singly occupied.

For example, the three electrons that are filled into the three 'p' orbitals can be represented in two different ways:

Nobel Gas Notation