Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches

What is Psychology? Psychology: the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Behavior: outward or overt actions and reactions. Mental processes: internal, covert activity of our minds.

Psychology’s Roots Ancient civilizations often attributed abnormal behavior as demon possession.

Psychology’s Roots Ancient Greeks “How does our mind work?” “How does our body relate to our mind?” Socrates Plato Aristotle

Psychology’s Roots Empiricism Rene Descartes (1595 – 1650) Mind distinct from the body Francis Bacon (1561 – 1626) John Locke (1632 – 1704) Tabula Rasa (blank slate) Empiricism Knowledge originates in experience, and science should rely on observation & experimentation

Four Goals of Modern Psychology Description Identifying and classifying behaviors & mental processes as accurately as possible Explanation Proposing reasons for behaviors and mental processes Prediction Offering hypothesis about how or why it may happen again Control/Influence Using research to solve practical problems that involve behavior and mental processes

Psychology’s Roots Psychological Science is Born Wilhelm Wundt (1879) Reaction time experiment “Atoms of the mind”

Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s Structure The study of mental processes organized into different branches: Structuralism Functionalism

Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s Structure Edward Titchener Structuralism Physicists & chemists broke matter down into structures, why not the mind? Self-reflective introspection reveals the structure of the mind “Tell me about things that are yellow”

Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s Function William James Influenced by Darwin & evolutionary theory Wrote “The Principles of Psychology” Functionalism How mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable organisms to adapt, survive & flourish

Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s Function Experimental psychology The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.

Psychological Science Develops Sigmund Freud Austrian medical doctor (neurologist) Patients suffered from “nervous disorders” Proposed people push troubling thoughts into their unconscious, which cause the disorders. Psychoanalysis was the technique he used to uncover repressed thoughts.

Psychological Science Develops Pavlov, Watson, B.F. Skinner Behaviorism Psychology should be an objective science Studied observable behavior without regard to mental processes

Psychological Science Develops Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow Humanistic Psychology Attention on current environmental influences that can nurture or limit growth potential. Emphasizes the importance of having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied.

Contemporary Psychology

Psychological Perspectives Psychodynamic perspective Behavioral perspective Humanistic perspective Cognitive perspective Sociocultural perspective Biological perspective Evolutionary psychology Positive psychology

Psychological Perspectives From pages 10-12, create a poster from the perspective that has been assigned to you. Title Description of this perspective’s unique focus Major people 2 pictures