Grammar Lesson 4 pp. 77-82.

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Grammar Lesson 4 pp. 77-82

1. X ga arimasu/imasu ~ ga arimasu: (inanimate object) exist. 1. Hon ga arimasu. 2. Kyoo tesuto arimashita ka. 3. Koohii wa arimasen deshita. Demo, ocha wa arimashita.

~ga imasu: (animate object) exist. 1. Gakusee ga imashita yo. 2. Takeshi san no Otoosan wa imasu ka. 3. Nihongo no sensee ga asoko ni imashita.

こたえてください。 (heya: room) Koko ni gakusee wa imasu ka. Gakusee desu ka. Hai, imasu. Kono heya ni terebi ga arimasu ka. Terebi desu ka. Hai, arimasu.

Koko ni, Tanaka-san wa imasu ka. Tanaka-san desu ka. Iie, imasen.

2. Describing where things are Doko? Where? Otearai doko desu ka. Okaasan wa doko ni imasu ka. Hiru gohan, doko de tabemashita ka. Nichiyoobi doko e ikimasu ka.

Location words ~no naka desu / ni arimasu/ ni imasu. migi hidari mae ushiro ~no naka desu / ni arimasu/ ni imasu. ue shita soba tonari ~ to-- no aida

Example Migi desu. Depaato no migi desu. Kissaten wa depaato no migi desu.

Make sentences using “arimasu.”

4. Takusan Both are good. Kyooto de shashin o takusan torimashita. Kyooto de takusan syashin o torimashita.

5. Duration of time ~ jikan : ~ hours ~jikan han ~ and half hours *A particle is not necessary after this. Mearii-san wa ichi-jikan benkyoo shimashita. Ni-jikan han eega o mimashita.

6. Particle: to (と) to: 1. Connect two nouns Nihongo to eego ga wakarimasu. Koohii to ocha o nomimashita. With ~ Takeshi-san to ikimashita.

7. Particle: mo (も） mo: also 1A. Tanaka-san wa gakusee desu. 1B. Satoo-san mo gakusee desu. 2A. Tonkatsu o tabemashita. 2B. Yasai mo tabemashita.

Exceptions! 3A. Kyooto ni ikimasu. 3B. Oosaka mo ikimasu. 3C. Oosaka ni mo ikimasu. 4A. Toshokan de benkyoo shimashita. 4B. Uchi de mo benkyoo shimashita. 4C.  Uchi mo benkyoo shimashita. (incorrect)