Quick Introduction to DFDL

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Presentation transcript:

Quick Introduction to DFDL Roger L. Costello DFDL = Data Format Description Language https://daffodil.apache.org/docs/dfdl/ Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Public Release Case Number 19-1536

DFDL = universal parser Any binary file XML DFDL tool Any text file © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

DFDL is built on top of XML Schema © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

XML Schema permits “foreign” attributes A foreign attribute is an attribute on an XML Schema element that is not part of the XML Schema vocabulary. A foreign attribute must be bound to another namespace (not the XML Schema namespace). © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Example of foreign attributes Below is an XML Schema. The <xs:sequence> element has two foreign attributes – separator and separatorPosition. The foreign attributes are bound to the http://www.ogf.org/dfdl/dfdl-1.0/ namespace. <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:dfdl="http://www.ogf.org/dfdl/dfdl-1.0/"> <xs:element name="input"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence dfdl:separator=":" dfdl:separatorPosition="infix"> <xs:element name="label" type="xs:string" /> <xs:element name="message" type="xs:string" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:schema> 2 foreign attributes © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Traditionally, XSD is used to validate XML instance XML Schema XML Schema Validator XML instance is valid/invalid © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

XSD + DFDL is used to parse data files (JPEG, CSV, Netflow, etc) XML Schema + DFDL The DFDL tool parses the data file and produces an XML doc DFDL tool XML instance © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Data file (JPEG, CSV, Netflow, etc) XML Schema + DFDL DFDL tool XML Called a “DFDL Schema” Data file (JPEG, CSV, Netflow, etc) XML Schema + DFDL DFDL tool XML instance © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Filename suffix DFDL files have the suffix .dfdl.xsd Example: label-message.dfdl.xsd © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Use DFDL to parse and unparse Data file (JPEG, CSV, Netflow, etc) parse unparse Data file (JPEG, CSV, Netflow, etc) XML DFDL tool DFDL tool DFDL Schema DFDL Schema Reconstitute the original (native) data format © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Use DFDL to parse and unparse Data file (JPEG, CSV, Netflow, etc) parse unparse Data file (JPEG, CSV, Netflow, etc) XML DFDL tool DFDL tool DFDL Schema DFDL Schema Reconstitute the original (native) data format Same © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Terminology Input file parse unparse Reconstituted input file XML DFDL tool DFDL tool DFDL Schema DFDL Schema © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Typical workflow Data file (JPEG, CSV, Netflow, etc) Data file parse unparse XML XML XML XSD validation XSLT Transform (e.g., fuzz locations) DFDL parses a data format (text or binary) to generate XML. Once the data format is in XML, we have access to the vast suite of XML technologies to process that XML (i.e., we can leverage the enormous marketplace that has built up in the past 20 years to support XML). We can use XML technologies to add, remove, fuzz, and so forth. Then, after processing the XML, we can use DFDL to unparse that processed XML to reconstitute the native data format (now the data format is sanitized).

DFDL facilitates getting your data into XML! XML mantra: 1. Get data into XML as quickly as possible 2. Keep it in XML until the last possible minute 3. Bring all your XML tools to bear on solving the data processing problem -- Sean McGrath Slide 12 of Performing impossible feats of XML processing with pipelining DFDL facilitates getting your data into XML! © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

“Daffodil” is a DFDL tool (an implementation of the DFDL specification) Daffodil (DFDL tool) https://daffodil.apache.org/docs/dfdl/ © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Logical structure + physical structure A DFDL schema has two parts: (1) XML Schema stuff (2) DFDL stuff Use the XML Schema stuff to specify the logical structure of the input file. Example: The input file contains a label followed by a message Use the DFDL stuff to specify the nuts-and-bolts of the physical structure of the input file. Example: The label and message are delimited by a colon, the delimiter is infix (between the label and message) © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Advantages of DFDL Declarative description of data formats. You merely describe the format of the data and the DFDL processor figures out how to break the data apart. That is, you describe “what” the format is, the DFDL processor figures out “how” to dissect the data. Builds on top of existing technologies (XML Schema, XPath). The output of DFDL parsing is XML, which is great because you then have access to the vast suite of XML tools to analyze and process the XML. Can both parse the data to produce XML and then unparse the XML to reconstitute the data in its native data format. © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Disadvantages of DFDL Steep learning curve! Being a “universal” parser DFDL, by definition, needs functionality to deal with every feature in every data format. Small DFDL community – not a lot of experts available to ask questions. Limited set of helpful resources – no books on DFDL, few tutorials. © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Terminology: DFDL, Daffodil, DFDL Schema DFDL is a technology, it is a specification, it is a standard for how to represent data files. Daffodil is a tool, it is a parser, it implements the DFDL specification. There are several DFDL parsers. Daffodil is one. IBM has one. In this course we will use Daffodil. A DFDL Schema is a document that contains DFDL properties (which are defined in the DFDL specification). © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.

Daffodil can output XML or JSON Input file This is the default output format Daffodil JSON Input file Use the –I json command line option. Daffodil © 2019 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.