Review 1 Earth’s Surface Fifth Grade Part 4 Review 1 Earth’s Surface

Landforms A physical feature on Earth’s surface that can be found on dry land and under the oceans

Landforms Mountains Valleys Canyons Plains Plateaus Barrier islands Volcanic islands Caves

Slow Changes to Land Weathering – rocks are broken down and turned into sediments by wind, water, ice and plants Erosion – caused by wind, water and ice, such as when glaciers move rocks to form U-shaped valleys Deposition – formed when sediments are dropped in an area, examples include limestone caves, deltas, barrier islands, sand dunes

Rapid Changes to Land Flow – mudslide, landslide, rockslide, avalanche, flood One benefit of flooding is that it leaves a new layer of soil. Earthquake – shakes Earth’s surface and can destroy roads and buildings Volcano – lava, ash, rock Fire – destroy large areas of forest

Earth’s Layers Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core

Sedimentary Rock and Fossils Fossils, remains of plants and animals from long ago, are found in sedimentary rocks. Fossils are formed as layers of sediments are deposited on top of plants or animals. Limestone and Sandstone Sedimentary rocks formed in layers where the oldest rock is at the bottom

Soil Layers Properties of soil: color, texture, ability to 0 ’ 10’ 30 ’ 50 ’ Topsoil Subsoil Bedrock Properties of soil: color, texture, ability to retain water, support life (fertility)

Soil Conservation A renewable natural resource that takes thousands of years to form Methods for soil conservation: crop rotation contour plowing strip cropping

Earth’s Resources Renewable – replaced as it is used (soil, oxygen, animals, plants and water) Nonrenewable – cannot be readily replaced once it is used (oil, natural gas, coal, aluminum, iron, copper, silver, gold)

Conservation of Resources Reduce – to use less of something (ex. riding your bike to the store instead of using the car) Recycle – to use old or used materials to make something new (ex. melting used aluminum cans to make new ones) Reuse – to use something again (ex. hand-me-down clothes or making a planter from an old milk jug)