Do Now Answer the following riddle: What has hands but cannot clap? When the bell rings After the bell (2 min) Answer the following riddle: What has hands but cannot clap? In your seat: With pen/pencil With Notebook With Handout Ready for Do Now Still needs Do Now

Agenda  Do Now (5 min) Mini Lesson(15 min) Notes: Acid/Base Theories (30 min) Independent Practice(15 min) Exit Slip (5 min) Closeout (2 min)

WARNING! Last day to turn in work is FRIDAY!!!! All grades are up-to- date Your Q3 grade can only go up Make-up quizzes and tests during office hours (I will be late to office hours on Thursday!) WARNING!

Mini-Lesson 4 Types of bonds Covalent: electrons are shared between 2 non- metals Ionic: electrons are transferred from a metal to a non-metal Polyatomic: electrons are both transferred and shared Metallic: electrons are shared (kind of) by different atoms of the same element Mini-Lesson

Mini-Lesson Determine the type of bond I do: You do: NO2 Cr2O3 MgCl2 CaCO3 NH3 CO3- Mini-Lesson

Mini-Lesson What happens to electrons in each compound? You do: Ca(OH)2 H2O CN- PO4-2 Ni2S3 Mini-Lesson

Unit: Acids & Bases Topic: Acid & Base Theories Objectives: Using the ions released, Explain the difference between an acid and base Identify conjugate acid-base pairs

Vocabulary and Definitions Dissociation: the splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions, especially by a reversible process. Hydronium Ion: Released by acids; expressed as H3O+ Hydroxide Ion: Released by bases; expressed as OH-

A substance can be classified as an acid or base when it releases H+ or OH- ions in water This is called “in solution” and expressed as (aq) KP #1: Arrhenius Theory

KP #1: Arrhenius Theory Water is unique It releases both H+ and OH- ions KP #1: Arrhenius Theory

KP #2: Arrhenius Acids a substance that dissociates in water and increases the number of H+ ions in the water. H+ is also known as: Hydrogen Ion Example: HCl (hydrochloric acid) HCl +  H+ + Cl-

KP #2: Arrhenius Acids You Try: Show the dissociation of Hydroiodic Acid (HI) in water

Strong Acids you will commit to memory: 1. HCl - hydrochloric acid 2. HNO3 - nitric acid 3. H2SO4 - sulfuric acid 4. HBr - hydrobromic acid 5. HI - hydroiodic acid 6. HClO4 - perchloric acid

KP #3: Arrhenius Bases a substance that when added to water increases the number of OH- ions in the water. OH is also known as: Hydroxide Example: NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) NaOH  OH- + Na+

KP #3: Arrhenius Bases You Try: Show the dissociation of Rubidium Hydroxide (RbOH) in water

Strong Bases you will commit to memory: 1. LiOH - lithium hydroxide 2. NaOH - sodium hydroxide 3. KOH - potassium hydroxide 4. RbOH - rubidium hydroxide 5. CsOH - cesium hydroxide -What group are all of the metals in? –What do all of these have in common? What do all of these bases have in common?

When acids and bases mix with water, they form what is called a conjugate acid base pair Acids donate (lose) H+ ions Pair with conjugate base Bases accept (gain) H+ ions Pair with conjugate acid KP #4: Bronsted-Lowry

KP #4: Bronsted-Lowry Example: H2SO4 + H2O  H3O+ + HSO4- Acid and base on the reactant side and conjugates are on the product side KP #4: Bronsted-Lowry

How to find the conjugate acid/base: Example: H2SO4 + H2O  H3O+ + HSO4- Steps: Find and match the things that are most alike Determine what happened from left to right Label: If you see that it lost an H, you found the acid. If you see that it gained an H, you found the basd.

KP #4: I Do NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- Identify the acid & base then identify its conjugate. YOU ARE PICKING 2 PAIRS.

KP #4: We Do CH3CO2H + H2O   H3O+ + CH3O2- HCl + H2O   H3O+ + Cl- CH3CO2H + H2O   H3O+ + CH3O2- Identify the acid & base then identify its conjugate. YOU ARE PICKING 2 PAIRS.

KP #4: We Do HNO3 + H2O   NO3- + H3O+ H2PO4– + OH–  HPO4–2 + H2O Identify the acid & base then identify its conjugate. YOU ARE PICKING 2 PAIRS.

KP #4: I Do What is the conjugate acid for HBr? What is the conjugate base for HBr? For each of the following, identify the conjugate acid or base

KP #4: We Do What is the conjugate acid for HI? What is the conjugate base for HI? For each of the following, identify the conjugate acid or base

Independent Practice How What 20 minutes C: 0 – 1, only on task conversation H: Raise hand, move on to next question until I am available A: Completing questions M: In clusters. 3 Hall passes. P: Answering questions on reverse side of notes, using notes, head up, asking questions of partners 20 minutes Complete practice on reverse side of notes

Exit Slip (Q: 1 of 3) According to Arrhenius theory, which of the following correctly shows what happens to H3PO4 in solution? H3PO4  OH- + PO4- H3PO4  H3P + O2 H3PO4  OH- + P-3 H3PO4  H+ + PO4-

Exit Slip (Q: 2 & 3) Which of the following is the correct conjugate base for H2SO4? H3SO4+ HSO4- SO4-2 OH- For the following reaction, identify the acid, base and conjugate pairs H3PO4 + H2O  H2PO4- + H3O+