J. Craig Hartman et al. BTS 2018;3:625-638 Representative Left Ventricular Pressure–Volume Relationships Generated Via Acute Preload Reductions in Conscious Dogs Representative left-ventricular pressure–volume relationships generated via acute preload reductions in conscious dogs with tachypacing-induced heart failure (HF), taken both at baseline (HF, black) and at 3 h following BMS-986231 (BMS) administration (50 μg/kg/min intravenously, red). (A) Steady-state (pre-occlusion) pressure–volume curves of 1 cardiac cycle (inset, showing filling phase), demarcated by both the ESPVR as well as by the estimated (linear) EDPVRs. BMS-986231 decreased preload, and load-independently increased the end-systolic elastance (slope of the ESPVR). (B) Families used to generate the pressure–volume relationships (top), as well as the SW to end-diastolic volume relationship (bottom), showing a BMS-986231-induced increase in the slope of the PRSW (Mw). Abbreviations as in Figure 3. J. Craig Hartman et al. BTS 2018;3:625-638 2018 The Authors