Fascism in Italy and Germany Global 10

Fascism Definition: an authoritarian and extreme nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.

Cultural Characteristics Censorship propaganda Secret Police

Social Characteristics Supported by middle class, industrialist, & military Why do you think these groups supported him?

Chief Examples Italy Spain

Political Characteristics Nationalist Racist (Nazism) One-Party Rule Supreme Leader “Il Duce” Benito Mussolini

Economic Characteristics Economic functions controlled by state corporations or the state itself NOT socialism Form of controlled capitalism

Basic Principles Authoritarianism: Gov’t has total authority State more important than the individual Charismatic leader Action oriented

Fascism: Summarized Glorification of the state Single party system with a strong ruler Aggressive form of Nationalism Absolute authority, but defended private property with some government regulation and class structure

Communism Fascism (USSR) (Germany and Italy) DIFFFERENCES 1) Based upon the idea of Karl Marx 1) No clearly defined theory 2) Classless society 2) Each class has its place in society 3) Internationalist…unite 3) Nationalists workers worldwide SIMILARITIES 1) Both ruled by dictators…1 party rule 2) Neither practiced any kind of democracy

Mussolini

Personal/Physical Characteristics Excellent writer (former journalist) Charismatic speaker Had a “Thirst for military glory” Large ego

Political/Economic Beliefs Organized veterans and discontent Italians into the Fascist party ‘Black Shirts’ used to break up socialist rallies, leftist ideas Suppressed rival parties, rigged elections and silenced the media In theory: Parliamentary Monarchy In fact: Dictatorship

Mussolini controlled entire economy prevented strikes and conflicts Did not favor socialism, persevered capitalism instead Production increased, but at expense of workers Little pay, not allowed to strike

People convinced to believe state was most important aspect- not the individual “Believe! Obey! Fight!” Fascist youth groups formed

Hitler’s Germany

Hitler’s Background He applied to an art school, but was rejected WWI Army veteran, believed Germany had been stabbed in the back. Munich Beer Hall  “revolution has begun” Failed Revolution attempt  arrested  imprisoned  wrote Mein Kampf

Political Structure Weimar Republic 1919-1933 Democratic government w/ many political parties Criticized for accepting treaty Third Reich: Nazi Germany 1933-1945 NAZI  National Socialist Workers Party gained seat in the Reichstag Opposition to Communism & Democracy Belief in Dictatorship Elected Chancellor of Germany 1933 Der Fuhrer (leader) power is complete & extends to all fields of the nation

Munich Beer Hall: “A revolution has begun”

Economic Policies Debt: $35 Billion in Reparations Inflation: Instead of raising taxes to pay for the war Germany printed more money (Marks), which lost its value. Unemployment: *6 Million people unemployed

For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

What does this mean??

Social Policies Survival of the Fittest Superiority of the Aryan Race Anti-Semitism- hatred of the Jews Use of terror & force Censorship

Kristallnacht Nuremburg Laws 1934 German laws against the Jewish people. Ex. Marriages between Jews and nationals of German or kindred blood are forbidden, Jews are forbidden to hoist the Reich and national flag and to present the colors of the Reich Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass” was the rioting and looting of Jewish Businesses in German.

Nazism Glorification of the state Single party system with a strong ruler Aggressive form of Nationalism : demands that the nation be extended to its “natural” territorial borders anti-Semitic ideology superiority of the Aryan (German) race