Fig. 2 CAR T cell therapy is associated with cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. CAR T cell therapy is associated with cytokine release syndrome.

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Fig. 2 CAR T cell therapy is associated with cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. CAR T cell therapy is associated with cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Cytokine release syndrome has occurred with CAR T cells targeting CD19 or BCMA. When the CAR T cell engages surrogate antigens, it releases a variety of cytokines and chemokines. Macrophages and other cells of the innate immune system also become activated and contribute to the release of soluble mediators. CAR T cells are routinely observed in cerebral spinal fluid, and the cytokines may increase permeability to soluble mediators and permit increased trafficking of CAR T cells and other lymphocytes to central nervous system parenchyma. IFN, interferon; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase. Carl H. June et al. Science 2018;359:1361-1365 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works