SUNNYBROOK TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND TISSUE BANK P.A.R.T.Y. PROGRAM SUNNYBROOK TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND TISSUE BANK

WARNING THAT NEXT SLIDE MIGHT BE DIFFICULT TO VIEW FOR SOME

As you’ve probably learned, the number one reason people under the age of 45 die is due to traumatic injuries Once patients actually get to hospital after they arrive, then they will most commonly die from bleeding How would you treat someone who is bleeding? many would say put pressure on a wound or close a wound to stop bleeding. That is correct – but that’s missing one important thing… SRI 2018

BLOOD TRANSFUSION we give blood! We need to replace what bleeding patient lost.

2017: 20% of Sunnybrook trauma patients required a blood transfusion

VOLUME REPLACEMENT/OXYGEN CAPACITY Red Cells Platelets Fresh Frozen Plasma Cryoprecipitate PREVENT BLEEDING VOLUME REPLACEMENT/OXYGEN CAPACITY When we take a closer look at the make up of blood (or the blood that is flowing in your veins right now, what we call whole blood), we see that there are a few major components that make it up and that we separate into different blood products to give to patients The left image shows a tube of blood with the components separated We separate whole blood into: plasma, cryoprecipitate, platelets, and red blood cells The plasma, cryoprecipitate and platelets all work to prevent bleeding in ways such as helping the body to form clots The red blood cells help to replace the fluid that the patient lost and to bring more oxygen to the body since these cells are the oxygen carriers

This is a graphic from Canadian Blood Services that gives approximate average amounts of how much blood different patients might require… CBS 2018

Trauma patient with the most blood products required: 96 units red blood cells 53 units plasma 21 units platelets In reality, trauma patients often require more… One patient required 96 units of red blood cells, 53 units of plasma and 21 units of platelets

Blood Bank? So what is a blood bank?

Transfusion Medicine and Tissue Bank Store and prepare blood products Store and prepare tissues such as skin and bone Works 24/7

Each person has a specific blood type. There are types A, B, O and AB Each person has a specific blood type. There are types A, B, O and AB. The blood types are also either positive or negative based on certain proteins that are or are not located on our red blood cells. When a patient requires a blood transfusion, they must be given the correct type of blood or else their body will react to the blood given. However, type O blood can be given to patients of all blood types safely. One of the jobs of the blood bank technologists is to test the patient’s specimen to identify their blood type and crossmatch the correct type of blood for them. Since we often do not have time to test for the blood type of a trauma patient who is bleeding, we often give them what we call uncrossmatched or Group O blood.

This is the distribution of blood types in Canada. CBS 2018

WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?

James Soos – 1000 donations CBS 2018 Donors within the general population James Soos – 1000 donations CBS 2018

What percentage of eligible Canadians donate blood? 52% 12% 4% 34%

Organ Donation 33% of Ontarians are registered organ donors 4.1 million out of 12.3 million that are eligible 1,578 Ontarians are currently waiting for an organ transplant (June 30 2018) Organ donation info Within the blood and tissue bank, we also prepare and store tissue such as skin for patients. Patients with severe burns most commonly require these tissues. These tissues are also given to patients by donation by the population. How to donate/why it’s important:

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

Organs and tissue that can be donated include the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, small intestines, eyes, bone, skin, and heart valves. DONATE! Anyone over the age of 16 can register. People of all ages and medical histories should consider themselves potential donors. What you need to register To register as an organ and tissue donor, you need: to be at least 16 years old to provide your date of birth your health card number and version code (if applicable)

blood.ca beadonor.ca

THANK YOU!