Universal soft robotic activation based on reversible assembly. Universal soft robotic activation based on reversible assembly. (A) Process flow of consecutive soft robotic activation by sequential lamination processes. Specifically, three different soft robotic hands with distinct finger designs (normal design for robot 1 and spread finger design for robots 2 and 3) and deformation states [placed onto the flat (robots 1 and 2) and curvilinear surface (robot 3) like a mannequin’s hand] were addressed. (B) Enlarged view of each soft robotic hand before the activating e-skin was mounted. (C) Photograph of the laminated controlling e-skin showing good skin conformability. (D) Enlarged view of wireless manipulation of soft robotic hands with distinct operation states. For comparison, different actuation states in response to the input types (C, D, and B states) were demonstrated for each robot. (E) Sequential photographs of the controlling e-skin in each input state (C, D, and B). Junghwan Byun et al. Sci. Robotics 2018;3:eaas9020 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works