ESD Standard for Vehicle ISO 10605 TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 ESD Standard for Vehicle ISO 10605 Southeastern Michigan IEEE EMC 2011/Nov./10 Noise Laboratory Co.,LTD Takeshi Ishida

My position at IEC & ISO Committees IEC TC77 ISO TC22 WG4 SC77A Low frequency The Japanese national committee SC77B High frequency WG10 RF MT12 ESD・Surge SC77C High power

* Electronic components TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 　　ESD Standards Object Standard Evaluation Cause Electronic equipment IEC 61000-4-2 malfunction human body Vehicle Components ISO 10605 Break SAE J1113-13 * Electronic components IEC 61340-3-1 IEC 61340-3-2 machine * Semi -conductor IEC 60749-26 IEC 60749-27 *Similar to MIL,JEDEC,ANS,ESDA,etc

Timeline of ISO10605 1994 ISO TR 10605 2001 ISO 10605 Ed1.0 2012?　ISO 10605 Ed2.0 Amendment1 Have some flaws

Electrostatic discharge path – Outside TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Electrostatic discharge path – Outside The discharge may occur by voltage difference between human and vehicle. The discharge path is 1)　Wheel resistance. 2)　Capacitance between vehicle and ground. タイヤもメーガーなど、電圧が高くなると、数十から数千MΩの抵抗になる

Electrostatic discharge path – Inside TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Electrostatic discharge path – Inside The discharge path is capacitance between human and back of the seat. タイヤもメーガーなど、電圧が高くなると、数十から数千MΩの抵抗になる

ESD effects to electronics equipment TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 ESD effects to electronics equipment ESD Disturbance of RF Surface current Voltage potential Noise from signal enclosure EM coupling by secondary radiation Signal port Digital circuit Noise from power line Power port Stray capacitance

Discharge resistor and energy capacitor Value Purpose IEC ISO10605 Capacitor 150pF Capacitance between human body and ground. ○ outside contact 330pF Capacitance between human body and seat. ○ inside contact Resistor 330Ω Contact by human with metal object 2000Ω Contact by human skin New H.V.PS

Discharge current waveform specification Tolerance is not all same Discharge current waveform specification Typical C/ R values Peak Current [A/kV] Tolerance [%] Current at t1 Current at t2 [A/kV] 150 pF / 330Ω 3.75 ± 10 2 (at t1 = 30 ns) ± 30 1 (at t2 = 60 ns) 330 pF / 330Ω (at t1 = 65 ns) (at t2= 130 ns) 150pF / 2000Ω -0/+30 0.275 (at t1= 180 ns) 0.15 (at t2= 360 ns) ± 50 330pF / (at t1= 400 ns) (at t2= 800 ns) NOTES: 1. The peak current level shall be taken from the measurement system without any data interpolation. 2. The target used with this measurement system shall fulfil the requirements of clauses A.1 and A.2. An example is defined in Annex B. 3. The measurement times (30, 60, 65, 130, 180, 360, 400, and 800 ns) are derived from RC-time constant –40% (Current t1) and +20% (Current t2), to define two values on the falling slope of the current pulse according IEC 61000-4-2: 2001 Ed. 1.2

Ideal contact discharge waveform at 5kV 150pF/330pF，330Ω First peak is same Actual waveform

Ideal contact discharge waveform at 5kV 150pF/330pF，2000Ω Actual waveform

Mathematical formula(150pF/330Ω) 1 = 1.1 ns　　2 = 2 ns　　 3 = 12 ns　　 4 = 37 ns I 1　= 16.6 A （ at 4 kV ）　　I 2 = 9.3 A （at 4 kV） n = 1.8

Calibration setup of discharge current waveform TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Calibration setup of discharge current waveform Requirement detail is not mentioned 【 Ed.1】　　　　　　　　　　　　　　【 Ed.2】

Detail of discharge current waveform calibration TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Detail of discharge current waveform calibration Faraday cage Stray capacitance between gun and faraday cage Faraday cage Target Oscilloscope ESD generator H.V PS Bandwidth of oscilloscope: >1 GHz Ground return cable

Target calibration（ Annex A） TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Target calibration（ Annex A） No frequency specification on Ed.1 target Target frequency response:～1GHz：<±0.5dB Target mechanical structure is described in Annex B Ed2 Ed1

Comparison of current waveform TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Comparison of current waveform Ed.1 Target Ed.2 Target

Frequency response on Ed.2 target TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Frequency response on Ed.2 target 100kHz-4GHz liner scale 0.5dB/div S21 Specification ～1GHz： 　<±0.5dB ESD generator Frequency

Principle of specific current waveform TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 　Principle of specific current waveform Simulation waveform Simplified equivalent circuit

Principle of specific current waveform TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 　　Principle of specific current waveform Simulation waveform Actual waveform Normal gun No capacitor in gun

Actual human body discharge current waveform When the target is touched by human with electrode. （air discharge tip） 1A/div　10ns/div 1A/div　500ps/div

Requirement of Ed.1 current waveform Rise time Contact ：0.7-1.0ns Air < 5ns：at 15kV(repeatability: 6/10） RC interval time SAE requirement is < 20 ns Impossible to measure Rough specification No second peak Not actual shape

Air discharge calibration is removed from Ed.2 Annex E（informative） Rationale for air discharge generator verification Due to the complexity of air discharge, no satisfactory verification method has been developed. Therefore it was decided not to require an air discharge verification. General … Amenable to humidity Discharge phenomenon is changed by surface condition of electrode and/or DUT. Rise time may faster, if discharge voltage is low. Positive and negative rise time is differed

Test setup（Bench test） TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Test setup（Bench test） Table（non-conductive）height：0.7-1.0m HCP： minimum 1.6 x 0.8 m, Plus 0.1m greater than DUT/cables.　 Material:：cupper, brass, aluminum 　thickness: >0.25 mm HCP means vehicle body Needed for outside testing.

Test setup（Bench test） TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Test setup（Bench test） Resistor cable 470kΩ resistor on each end To eliminate HCP charge voltage To avoid a resonance of cables

Test setup（Bench test） TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Test setup（Bench test） IEC :0.5mm Insulation block height: 50±5mm Insulation support thickness: 2-3mm (e.g. polyethylene). No insulation support for direct mount DUT

Test setup（Bench test） Ed.1 Capacitor: 330pF Interval: >5s Each polarity 3 times Air discharge approach speed: <5mm/s 50mm width ground strap？ Battery ESD gun exerciser Ground cable Ground connection point is unclear Insulation block 25mm

Effect of insulation block TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Effect of insulation block Arrangement of DUT Edition DUT Wire harness Direct mount Floating Ed.1 None 25mm Ed.2 none 2-3mm 50mm

Experiment of insulation block TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Experiment of insulation block Stray capacitance 10pF Stray capacitance 259pF Current probe insulation 150×250mm Metal plate 25mm 2mm

Experiment of insulation block TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Experiment of insulation block 【no insulation block (direct mount)】 Test voltage:2kV 6.6A 2 A/div

Experiment of insulation block TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Experiment of insulation block Test voltage:2kV 6.5A 5.5A 4.5A 2.1A Ed.2 2mm Ed.1 25mm 2 A/div

Experiment of insulation block TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Experiment of insulation block 【No elimination of charge】 Test voltage:2kV 1st 2nd 3rd Ed.2 2mm Ed.1 25mm 2 A/div

Experiment of insulation block TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Experiment of insulation block 【positive shot after negative 10 times with no elimination of charge 】 Test voltage:2kV 10.3A 7.9A Ed.2 2mm Ed.1 25mm 2 A/div

Discharge test mode Mode Contact Air Coupling mode Direct TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Discharge test mode Mode Contact Air Coupling mode Direct Contact to DUT metric part Tip：Conical Approach to DUT non conductive part 0.1 m/s～ 0.5 m/s Tip：Round※ Indirect Contact to HCP ※In case of >15kV may need large round tip（to avoid charge leak）

Comparison of electrode shape Φ30mm φ22mm Standard air tip

Comparison of electrode shape 30kV　φ30mm tip Requirement for vehicle 30kV　Standard tip

Vehicle body potential Bench test （Direct） Vehicle body potential Ground potential 1 DUT 2 ESD generator 3 ESD generator main 4 Non conductive table 5 HCP 6 Ground point 7 Ground connection 　8 remotely accessible parts of the DUT 9 Periphery 10 Battery 11 Insulation support 12 Insulation block　13 470kΩresistors 14 GRP （optional）　15 HCP ground connection

TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 　　 Bench test （Direct）

Bench test （Direct） Ed.2 Connect chassis-mounted electronic modules directly to the HCP. DUT shall be connected to all peripheral units The supply battery shall be on the test table, with the negative terminal of the battery directly connected to the HCP. The ESD generator shall be configured with the 330 pF or 150 pF capacitor depending on the DUT location in the vehicle. Apply the ESD at each specified test voltage and polarity (see Annex C). The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased, using at least two values, At least 3 discharges shall be applied by not less than 1 s interval. Charge build-up can be eliminated by briefly connecting a bleeder wire with high resistance ( 1 MΩ) Wait by natural charge decay. Air-ionizers may be used to speed up

Category of test level： Annex C Component test - Direct – Contact Category １ Category 2 Category 3 L4i ±8kV ±15kV L3i ±6kV L2i ±4kV L1i ±2kV Component test - Direct - Air Category １ Category 2 Category 3 L4i ±15kV ±25kV L3i ±8kV L2i ±4kV ±6kV L1i ±2kV Component test - Indirect - Contact Category １ Category 2 Category 3 L4i ±8kV ±15kV ±20kV L3i ±6kV L2i ±4kV L1i ±2kV

Bench test （Indirect） Radiated E-field Ed.2 New 1 DUT 2 ESD generator 3 ESD generator main 4 Non conductive table 5 HCP 6 Ground point 7 Ground connection 8 remotely accessible parts of the DUT 9 Periphery 10 Battery 11 Insulation support 12 Insulation block 13 470kΩresistors 14 GRP （optional） 15 HCP ground connection 16 HCP or ESD ground connection

TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 　　 Bench test （Indirect）

Bench test （Indirect） Ed.2 Connect chassis-mounted electronic modules directly to the HCP. DUT located distance of 0,1 m away from the HCP edges. DUT shall be connected to all peripheral units The supply battery shall be on the test table, with the negative terminal of the battery directly connected to the HCP. The ESD generator shall be configured with the 330 pF or 150 pF capacitor depending on the DUT location in the vehicle. Apply the ESD at each specified test voltage and polarity (see Annex C). The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased, using at least two values, At least 50 discharges shall be applied by not less than 50ms interval. Discharges to coupling planes, the discharge tip is in the same plane as the HCP

Radiated E-field by Indirect discharge TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Radiated E-field by Indirect discharge Oscilloscope Opt E-field sensor * O/E ESD generator Opt fiber 20ns/div 0.55ns (1.8GHz) 1ns/div *Wide band lithium niobate antenna

Component packaging and handling test Ed.2 New 1 DUT 2 ESD generator 3 ESD generator main 4 Non conductive table 5 HCP 6 Ground point 7 Ground connection 8 dissipative mat

Component packaging and handling test TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Component packaging and handling test No dissipative mat, if the DUT mounted body directly.

Component packaging and handling test DUT is unpowered condition. DUT locate on dissipative mat, Connect chassis-mounted electronic modules directly to the HCP. The ESD generator shall be configured with 150 pF capacitor. To access recessed connector pins, an insulated solid wire with a cross-section between 0,5 mm2 and 2 mm2 and a maximum length of 25 mm shall be used. The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased, using at least two values, At least 3 discharges shall be applied each polarity by not less than 1s interval. Charge build-up should be eliminated. DUT shall pass complete function testing successfully.

Grounding to door hinge TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 　Vehicle test - Inside Grounding to door hinge

Grounding to wheel with plate TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 　 Vehicle test - Outside Grounding to wheel with plate Door hinge

Vehicle test Ed2 Conductive surfaces shall be tested using contact mode discharges. Air discharge may also be applied to conductive surfaces. For areas accessible only from the inside of the vehicle, the ESD generator ground connection shall be connected directly to the grounded metallic part of the body (e.g. seat railing, door latch). For outside, the ESD generator ground connection can be connected directly to the nearest metallic part, or directly to a metal plate placed under the wheel. The engine of the vehicle shall be running in drive or idle mode. Choose a generator capacitance of 330 pF for areas that can easily be accessed only from the inside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 kΩ. Choose a capacitance of 150 pF for points that can easily be touched only from the outside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 kΩ. The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased, using at least two values, At least 3 discharges shall be applied each polarity by not less than 1s interval. Charge build-up should be eliminated. DUT shall pass complete function testing successfully.

Test level of Air discharge TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Test level of Air discharge ・At least two severity levels must be tested. Reason 1 The air discharge path depend on voltage levels. Reason 2 Rise time depend on the distance of discharge. The IEC 61000-4-2 is described only air discharge Discharge path is differed

Experiment of air discharge path

Experiment of small gap discharge Reference： Mr.Masamitsu Honda Impulse physics laboratory http://www.impulse-physics.com/index.html

Thank you for your attention TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008 Thank you for your attention