Cannabinoid 1 receptor mediation of spinal cord ischemic tolerance induced by limb remote ischemia preconditioning in rats Binxiao Su, MD, Hailong Dong,

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Presentation transcript:

Cannabinoid 1 receptor mediation of spinal cord ischemic tolerance induced by limb remote ischemia preconditioning in rats Binxiao Su, MD, Hailong Dong, MD, PhD, Rui Ma, MD, Xijing Zhang, MD, PhD, Qian Ding, MD, Lize Xiong, MD, PhD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 138, Issue 6, Pages 1409-1416 (December 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.014 Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Proximal mean arterial pressure (A), distal mean arterial pressure (B), and heart rate (C) changes during surgical procedure in experiment 1. Sham, Sham operation without spinal cord ischemia; Control, sham operation of remote preconditioning before spinal cord ischemia; RIPC2-3c, rats accepted remote ischemic preconditioning (3 cycles, 2 minutes of ischemia/2 minutes of reperfusion) before spinal cord ischemia; RIPC3-3c, rats accepted remote ischemic preconditioning (3 cycles, 3 minutes of ischemia/3 minutes of reperfusion) before spinal cord ischemia; RIPC5-3c, rats accepted remote ischemic preconditioning (3 cycles, 5 minutes of ischemia/5 minutes of reperfusion) before spinal cord ischemia. I, Ischemia; R, reperfusion. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ∗∗∗P < .001 vs sham. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1409-1416DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.014) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Neurologic outcome 48 hours after reperfusion (A) and the number of normal neurons in the anterior spinal cord in experiment 1 (B). (∗∗P < 0.01 vs. control). Sham, Sham operation without spinal cord ischemia; Control, sham operation of remote preconditioning before spinal cord ischemia; RIPC2-3c, rats accepted remote ischemic preconditioning (3 cycles, 2 minutes of ischemia/2 minutes of reperfusion) before spinal cord ischemia; RIPC3-3c, rats accepted remote ischemic preconditioning (3 cycles, 3 minutes of ischemia/3 minutes of reperfusion) before spinal cord ischemia; RIPC5-3c, rats accepted remote ischemic preconditioning (3 cycles, 5 minutes of ischemia/5 minutes of reperfusion) before spinal cord ischemia. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1409-1416DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.014) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Neurologic outcome 48 hours after reperfusion (A) and the number of normal neurons in the anterior spinal cord in experiment 2 (B). ∗P < .05 vs G1; ∗∗P < 0.01 vs G1; #P < .05 vs G2. G1, Control group; G2, rats accepted remote ischemic preconditioning (3 cycles, 3 minutes of ischemia/3 minutes of reperfusion) before spinal cord ischemia; G3, AM251 was intravenously administered 15 minutes before remote preconditioning; G4, AM630 was intravenously administered 15 minutes before remote preconditioning; G5, vehicle was intravenously administered 15 minutes before remote preconditioning; G6, AM251 was intravenously administered 15 minutes before sham operation of remote preconditioning; G7, AM630 was intravenously administered 15 minutes before sham operation of remote preconditioning; G8, vehicle was intravenously administered 15 minutes before sham operation of remote preconditioning. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1409-1416DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.014) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Levels of arachidonylethanolamide (AEA) (A) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (B) in lumbar spinal cord at preischemia (30 minutes after limb remote preconditioning [RIPC] or sham operation) and postischemia (1 hour after spinal cord ischemia) derived from RIPC and control groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 6 per group. ∗P < .05 compared with controls. Control group, Sham operation of remote preconditioning was performed before spinal cord ischemia; RIPC group, limb remote preconditioning was induced before spinal cord ischemia. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 138, 1409-1416DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.014) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions