Intensified vegetation water use under acid deposition

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Presentation transcript:

Intensified vegetation water use under acid deposition by Matthew Lanning, Lixin Wang, Todd M. Scanlon, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Mary B. Adams, Howard E. Epstein, and Daniel Druckenbrod Science Volume 5(7):eaav5168 July 31, 2019 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

Fig. 1 Impacts of intensified acidification on stream pH and calcium concentration. Impacts of intensified acidification on stream pH and calcium concentration. Distribution of stream water pH (A) and calcium concentration (mg/liter) (B) from 1989 to 2012 for both the treatment (WS3) and control (WS4) watersheds. Median value represented by horizontal black bar. Filled circles outside of the first and fourth quartile error bars denote statistical outliers. Matthew Lanning et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav5168 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

Fig. 2 Vegetation-mediated soil cation changes. Vegetation-mediated soil cation changes. Mean annual stream water calcium concentration related to mean annual soil solution calcium concentration for A (A and D), B (B and E), and C (C and F) soil horizons in both the control (WS4) and treatment (WS3) watersheds during the treatment period (1991–2012). Relationships were considered significant if P < 0.05. The year 2004 was excluded as described in the Methods section. Matthew Lanning et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav5168 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

Fig. 3 ET dynamics on the control and treatment watersheds during the pretreatment and treatment periods. ET dynamics on the control and treatment watersheds during the pretreatment and treatment periods. (A) Annual ET estimates for both the control (black) and treatment (red) watersheds. The area in the grayed out boxes represents the pretreatment period (1978–1990). (B) Comparison of the control and treatment watersheds during the pretreatment and treatment periods and the relationship between observed ET and predicted ET (based on the pretreatment relationship) for the treatment watershed during the treatment period (inset). (C) Percent ET difference between the control and treatment watersheds. Matthew Lanning et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav5168 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

Fig. 4 Changes in plant available soil water under acid deposition. Changes in plant available soil water under acid deposition. Log of annual average lysimeter volume for A, B, and C soil horizons individually and their summed means for the treatment period (1991–2012). Treatment values are represented by the red line with closed red triangles, and the control values are represented by the black line with closed black circles. Volumes are considered significantly different if P < 0.05. The year 2004 was excluded as per the explanation in the Methods section. No data were available for 1994 as described in the Methods section. Total volume was calculated as a sum of the annual averages for all three soil horizons. Matthew Lanning et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav5168 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

Fig. 5 Conceptual diagram of the impact of acid deposition on calcium cycling and subsequent plant water use. Conceptual diagram of the impact of acid deposition on calcium cycling and subsequent plant water use. Relative differences in calcium pools and fluxes as well as relative magnitudes of acid deposition and ET between the control (left) and treatment (right) watersheds. Pools are shown as circles and fluxes as arrows. Size of pools and fluxes are relative but not to scale. Pools or fluxes where measurements were not made are shown with dashed lines. Processes and some pool sizes (e.g., mineral soils) are derived from (32). Matthew Lanning et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav5168 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).