Final Review

Serology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfZhb6lmxjk   A B AB O + - antigen A and B none Rh (D) antibodies Anti-B Anti-A and None Anti-Rh can give to A, AB B, AB only AB A, B, AB, O only positives positives or negatives can get from A, O B, O only O only negatives

after adding antiserum A after adding antiserum B Serology Blood Type after adding antiserum A after adding antiserum B A CLOT (+) NO CLOT (-) B AB

Other Blood Cells White Blood Cells- Immune Response Platelets- Clotting

Blood Spatter Type of evidence blood type is- class What is angle of impact? Passive vs transfer vs projected blood stain

Time of Death—Rigor Mortis The Rigidity of Death Without oxygen in the blood— Calcium accumulates in the muscles Muscles stiffen Starts in the head and expands throughout After about 15 hours— Muscle fibers begin to dissolve Softening begins Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 11

Time of Death—Rigor Mortis Observation Approx. Time Scale Peak Just over 12 hours No visible signs of rigor Less than 2 hours or more than 48 hours ago Stiffness generally disappears After 36 hours Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 11

Signs of foul play Insects not normally found at location of body. Signs of livor mortis on the side of the body facing up.

Algor Mortis Do Now 6/7 What is the difference between rigor and algor mortis. Rigor mortis is body stiffening while algor mortis is the change in body temperature post mortem.

Toxicology Stimulants: cocaine, methamphetamines, speed Hallucinogens- ecstasy, lsd, pcp Narcotics- Heroin, oxycodone, opium, methadone

Impact on body Stimulants- increase overall nervous system activity Hallucinogens- Change thoughts and perceptions Narcotics- relieve pain Depressants- decrease overall nervous system activity

What is the most powerful toxin!!! Botulinum toxin Causes botulism

Anthropology Does a baby have more or less bones than an adult? More! Adult around 206, baby around 306

Math! Question 1: 22.8 x 3.65 + 80.40 = 163.62 cm Question 2: 150 = unknown x 2.53 + 72.57 (150 – 72.57)/2.53 = unknown Unknown = 30.60 cm

  Male Female width of pelvic opening smaller larger length of sacrum longer shorter width of sacrum narrow wider sub pubic angle Less than 90 degrees More than 90 degrees shape of pubis Triangular Round / square smoothness of skull bumpy smoother occipital bump present absent brow ridges heavier forehead shape short Higher / round shape of the eyes Square round angle of jaw Around 90 degrees

First Serial Killer Do Now 6/10 Who is widely considered the first serial killer? Jack the Ripper Final tomorrow and Tuesday (bring #2 pencil)

Types of Multiple Killers Mass Spree Serial # of victims 4+ 2+ 3+ # of events 1 1 3+ # of locations 1 2+ 3+ Cooling-off period no no yes

Common characteristics Male Average IQ 20-30 years old Abused as child Lower to middle class

2 Technologies for handwriting analysis Computer Analysis – mathematically analyzes questioned document to get an accurate assessment of characteristics and matches to exemplars. Biometric Signature Pad – analyzes a person’s pen pressure, pen lifts, speed when signing their name *Iodine containing pens for counterfeit detection

a document that source (author) is known Exemplar a document that source (author) is known

Analyzed characteristics Quality slope slant ratio of size type of writing placement of diacritics loop and embellishments pen lifts