Median effective dose (ED50) of paracetamol and morphine for postoperative pain: a study of interaction A. Zeidan, J.X. Mazoit, M. Ali Abdullah, H. Maaliki,

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Median effective dose (ED50) of paracetamol and morphine for postoperative pain: a study of interaction A. Zeidan, J.X. Mazoit, M. Ali Abdullah, H. Maaliki, TH Ghattas, A. Saifan British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 112, Issue 1, Pages 118-123 (January 2014) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet306 Copyright © 2014 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Sequence of dosing in the three groups, morphine (a), paracetamol (b), and morphine+paracetamol (c). The open circles represent success and the stars failures. The solid and dotted horizontal lines are the mean ED50 and 95% CI. In the paracetamol group, the CI around the median is asymmetrical (see the Methods section). The solid and dotted horizontal lines are the corresponding mean ED50 and 95% CIs. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014 112, 118-123DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet306) Copyright © 2014 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Isobolographic representation of the combination of morphine and paracetamol. On each axis are represented the ED50s and 95% CIs for the corresponding drug. There are two ED50s for paracetamol corresponding to the lower and upper (worse possibility) boundaries (see the Methods section). The thick lines (dotted for the line joining the morphine ED50 and the upper paracetamol ED50 and solid for the line joining the morphine ED50 and the lower paracetamol ED50) are the lines of additivity. The dashed thin lines are the global 95% confidence boundaries. Clearly, the combination of morphine and paracetamol are at best additive. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014 112, 118-123DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet306) Copyright © 2014 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions