Making the Peace
Europe after World War
Armistice Day November 11, 1918 William II abdicates his throne Germany signs Armistice
President Woodrow Wilson
The Fourteen Points Called for an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and large scale reductions of arms Called for self-determination in Eastern Europe and an “association of nations” to resolve conflicts
Cost of war 10 Million Dead
Cost of war 10 Million Dead
Flu Pandemic 50 Million+ killed around world
review What is the name of the day everyone stopped fighting on November 11? What was President Wilson’s stipulations for peace named? What were 3 major aspects of Wilson’s stipulations? How many total died during the war? Which nation had the worst casualties? What killed more people than the war itself?
The Big Three (and Italy)
The Treaty of Versailles Blamed Germany completely Payed reparations $33 Billion ($400+ Billion today) Stripped Germany of military and colonies Alsace and Lorraine were given to France
Dissatisfaction Self determination in Eastern Europe: Mandate System Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia Mandate System Theory: lifted when Germany was stable Practice: new colonies for victors
Europe after World War
Germany: (1) Limited their military (2) forced to pay huge reparations Discontent Germany: (1) Limited their military (2) forced to pay huge reparations (3)lost a great deal of land
Discontent Japan: Protested Western nations refusal to recognize Japanese claims of land in China
Discontent Russia: Resented the establishment of Poland and other Baltic Nations (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania)
Italy: Did not receive the lands the Allies promised them. Discontent Italy: Did not receive the lands the Allies promised them.
League of Nations
Review Who were the “Big Three”? What was the name of the treaty that ended WWI? Who got all the blame for WWI? Why was Germany angry? Japan? Russia? Italy? What was the name of the new international peace keeping agency?
Russian Revolution
Czar Nicholas of Russia Long term unrest WWI put major strain on the monarchy
Hall of Sessions: Meeting of the Duma: St Hall of Sessions: Meeting of the Duma: St. Petersburg and Czar Nicholas II
Alexandra and Rasputin
Nicholas II after his abdication
The Russian Revolution and V.I. Lenin Returns from Exile Smuggled in by Germans
Russian Land given up from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Caption: “Comrade Lenin Sweeps the World Clean”
Bolshevik party take over of Russian Government Leon Trotsky Bolshevik party take over of Russian Government
Whites – Counterrevolutionaries Reds - Communists Red Propaganda: Leon Trotsky killing the “dragon of the counterrevolution” Whites – Counterrevolutionaries Reds - Communists
Flag of the USSR
Former USSR
Costly Triumph Emergence of totalitarian state Defeated foes Cheka Confiscated all private property
Closure Where was the peace conference held for the end of WWI? What was the name of President Wilson’s demands for the peace treaty? How much did the Allies make Germany pay? What is self-determination? Who was the last czar of Russia? Who was the individual who helped the czar’s son and was seen as controlling the czar? Who establishes Communism in Russia? What are the “Reds” and the “Whites”?