Interpret these 2 quotes. DO NOW 2/27 Interpret these 2 quotes. What does Mussolini mean? How does this attitude make him a great example of a totalitarian leader? "Blood alone moves the wheels of history.” "For my part I prefer fifty thousand rifles to fifty thousand votes."

Leader = Josef Stalin (“Man of Steel”) Reason for totalitarian gov’t: Soviet Union Leader = Josef Stalin (“Man of Steel”) Reason for totalitarian gov’t: After the Russian Revolution, communist leadership took control of the gov’t.

Stalin’s changes Political Social Economic Worked to create a perfect communist state Built hospitals and schools Developed collective farms where peasants were paid to work Dictator; made all the decisions in Russia Built railways for business and travel Created the 5 year plan to modernize Russia Arrested and executed anyone who disagreed with him

Joseph Stalin Problems Major Reforms Examples of Totalitarianism After a terrible civil war and the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took power in the Soviet Union. He immediately started putting his opponents to death and began a ruthless program to build up industry in the USSR, killing anyone who stood in his way! Problems Major Reforms Examples of Totalitarianism The USSR was not industrialized and had a very weak military The Government was unstable People were starving to death Collectivization of farms Five year plans to industrialize USSR Total Command Economy - government control all means of production Built up the military Single party dictatorship (Communist Party) Ruled through fear and terror (Reign of Terror) Used censorship and propaganda - schools, newspapers, government Secret police

"Agriculture is developing slowly, comrades "Agriculture is developing slowly, comrades. This is because we have about 25 million individually owned farms. We must do our utmost to develop large farms and to convert them into grain factories for the country."

According to a Soviet author, The Ukrainian Famine in 1932-1933 was the result of Stalin's policy of forced collectivization. The famine broke the peasants' will to resist collectivization and left Ukraine politically, socially, and psychologically traumatized. The death toll from the 1932-33 famine in Ukraine has been estimated between six and seven million. According to a Soviet author, "Before they died, people often lost their senses and ceased to be human beings." Yet one of Stalin's lieutenants in Ukraine stated in 1933 that the famine was a great success. “It showed the peasants who is the master here. It cost millions of lives, but the collective farm system is here to stay."

Japan Reason for totalitarianism: Leader = Emperor Hirohito (figurehead) Dictator = Hideki Tojo Reason for totalitarianism: Japan wanted to expand its territory by invading other countries (What do we call that again?!) Military took control

Hideki Tojo Examples of Totalitarianism Problems Major Reforms During the Great Depression, nations could not afford to buy Japanese goods and many factories closed. Some Japanese blamed the democracy movement for the economic problems and thought that a return to military rule would be the solution to Japan’s problems. Examples of Totalitarianism Problems Major Reforms Unhappiness over loss of traditions Loss of foreign markets due to Great Depression Unemployment, poverty among peasants Government was seen as weak, corrupt, and inefficient Preached service to the state and to honor Emperor Hirohito as a god! Invaded Manchuria and China Used censorship and propaganda - schools, newspapers, government Secret police Military took over government and ended democracy Glorified war to build an over sea empire Stressed nationalism, shintoism, and anti- western feelings

The Response to Totalitarianism Democratic nations like the U.S. and Britain did not like totalitarian gov’ts but did nothing to stop them; they were trying to avoid another war. (Did it work?)

Why do you think they thought this way? The U.S. became an isolated country after WWI. Citizens did not want to be involved in European affairs. Why do you think they thought this way?

Independent Practice: 1 Act Plays/ Commercial You and a partner are hired by Stalin to spread the good word about changes he has made for the Soviet Union. Create a script for a commercial to be broadcast to Russians everywhere. Include key political, economic, and social changes Stalin attempted to make for the USSR. Be Creative! Be Clever!

Closure Stalin is well known for these two quotes: 1. “Ideas are more powerful than guns. We would not let our enemies have guns, why should we let them have ideas?” 2. “It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything.” Interpret these quotes. What does Stalin mean? How does this attitude make Stalin a great example of a totalitarian leader?