Phases of the Cell Cycle

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Cancer and the Cell Cycle : An overview Ken Wu. Disclaimer This tutorial is a simple and conceptual guide to the cancer module and the cell cycle If there.

Advertisements

THE BIOLOGY OF CANCER A group of diseases identified by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation VirusesGenetic make-upImmune statusRadiationCarcinogens.

Biology of cultured cells conti- Part 4 By : Saib al owini.

Cell and Molecular Biology Behrouz Mahmoudi Cell cycle 1.

AP Biology Regulation of Cell Division.

Dr Gihan E-H Gawish, MSc, PhD Molecular Genetics & Clinical Biochemistry KSU Cell Cycle Control, Defects and Apoptosis 1 st Lecture.

Lecture 11: Signalling for Life/Death 1)Describe the eukaryotic cell cycle and the purpose of checkpoints. 2)Describe the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent.

Lecture 17 Regulation of the Cell Cycle and Cell Death.

BioSci 145A lecture 18 page 1 © copyright Bruce Blumberg All rights reserved BioSci 145A Lecture 18 - Oncogenes and Cancer Topics we will cover today.

APC = anaphase-promoting complex

The Cell Cycle.

Lecture 14 - The cell cycle and cell death

Mitosis, Meiosis, Cell Cycle Control, Cyclin, Checkpoints, Cyclin-Dependent kinase, External and Internal WHAT THEY ARE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

1 hr hr 8 hr 4-6 hr (M) Spindle-assembly checkpoint - confirms that all the chromosomes are properly attached to the spindles. Resting phase (G0)

The Cell Cycle Molecular Biology II. The Life Cycle of Cells The Cell Cycle Follows a Regular Timing Mechanism. Newly born cells grow and perform their.

Chapter 17 The Cell Cycle.

e/animations/hires/a_cancer5_h.html

Benign tumor: abnormal proliferation of cells that remain Contained and don’t spread to other tissues (ex. Skin wart) Malignant tumor: cells are capable.

Human Physiology: Unit-1

Cancer and the Cell Cycle. Outline of the lecture n What is cancer? n Review of the cell cycle and regulation of cell growth n Which types of genes when.

The Cell Cycle Chromosomes duplicated and segregated into two genetically identical cells.

 Regulation of Cell Number and Cancer Cells Special Limited Edition Packet Tuesday, November 10,

Genetics of Cancer Genetic Mutations that Lead to Uncontrolled Cell Growth.

Cell cycle control in mammalian cell 5 ⋆ Phosphorylation of Rb protein prevents its association with E2Fs, thereby permitting E2Fs to activate transcription.

154 lb Leg tumor Regulation of Cell Division Target: I can describe what happens when uncontrolled cell growth occurs

The Cell Cycle and Cancer AP Biology. Cell Cycle Numerous genes control the cell cycle They regulate the progression through checkpoints. A sensor detects.

--Background on Werner’s syndrome --Hayflick His persistence and his ‘limit’ -- Theories of cellular aging -- Introduction to the cell cycle Now: -- More.

AH Biology: Unit 1 Control of the Cell Cycle. The cell cycle: summary G1G1 G2G2 S Interphase M Cytokinesis Mitosis.

Regulation of Cell Division Coordination of cell division A multicellular organism needs to coordinate cell division across different tissues & organs.

Genetics of Cancer Genetic Mutations that Lead to Uncontrolled Cell Growth.

Cell Cycle. Stages and division of cell /student_view0/chapter2/animat ion__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html.

Cell Cycle and growth regulation

The Cell Cycle CELL.

Lecture 10: Cell cycle Dr. Mamoun Ahram Faculty of Medicine

Cell Cycle Regulation. The Cell Cycle What can be learned from this experiment? There are different signals (proteins) present that aid in the progression.

Negative regulation of cell cycle by intracellular signals Checkpoint p53 detects DNA damage & activates p21 p21 inhibits cdk2-cyclinA Intracellular Regulation.

AP Biology Regulation of Cell Division.

CELL CYCLE AND CELL CYCLE ENGINE OVERVIEW Fahareen-Binta-Mosharraf MIC

1 Lecture 11: Signal transduction and cell cycle regulation Textbook of Receptor Pharmacology, 3rd edition.

The cell cycle prokaryotic eukaryotic Control of the cell cycle loss of control- cancer What is cell differentiation and why does it happen? what is a.

1 The Cell Cycle “Mitosis” Packet #33 Chapter #13 Friday, November 18, 2016.

Cell Growth & Division Control of Cell Cycle | Disruptions to Cell Cycle.

Chapter 9 Cell Cycle and Cancer. Figure 17-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Cell Cycle.

Cell cycle 김다은 성균관대학교 / 약학과

Controls the Cell Cycle

Regulation of Cell Division

Regulation of Cell Division

Regulation of the Cell Cycle & Cancer

Alterations in the Cell Cycle and Gene Mutations that Cause Cancer

Chap. 19 Problem 1 Passage through the cell cycle is unidirectional and irreversible due to the degradation of critical regulators by proteasome complexes.

Sustaining Proliferative Signaling and Evading Growth Suppressors

Cell Cycle and Apoptosis

Regulation of Cell Division

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle

Figure 1 Classical and non-classical models of the cell cycle in RB1-proficient cells Figure 1 | Classical and non-classical models of the cell cycle in.

AH Biology: Unit 1 Control of the Cell Cycle

Regulation of Cell Division

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle

AP Biology The Cell Cycle.

The cell cycle: The continuity of life depends on cells growing, replicating their genetic material, and then dividing. The cell cycle consists of two.

Regulation of Cell Division

Cell-Cycle Control and Cell Death

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle

Control of the Cell Cycle

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle

Phases of the Cell Cycle

Presentation transcript:

Phases of the Cell Cycle Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Cell Cycle Progression: Requirements G2-M Cell Division G1-S

Cell Cycle Control Requirements: Cyclin:Cdk Complex Activated Protein Kinase

Expression Levels of Cyclins Oscillate

Various cell cycle phase-Cdks and Cyclins

Cdk Activation and Inactivation M-Cdk CAK (Cdk Activating Kinase)

Cdks can be inhibited while in a complex with a Cyclin Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor (CKI)

Control of Cyclin levels During the Cell Cycle Consequences: Decrease M-Cyclin, inactivate M-Cdk, and allow cytokinesis (cell division) to proceed.

Control of CKI (p27, p21, p16) levels During the Cell Cycle Consequences: Decrease CKI, increase Cdk/Cyclin Activity, and allow cell cycle progression.

Cell Cycle Checkpoints On Off Off Off On/Off Switches

On/Off Switches On Off On Off Off Off Off On On On On

Control of Chromosome Duplication Helicases

Activation of M-Cdk

The M to G1 Transition is Regulated by Stable Inhibition of M-Cdk

Guanine Exchange Factor Mechanism of MAPK (ERK) activation and cell proliferation. (Favorable Environment) Ras-Small GTPase Adaptor GDP PY YP GTP Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) Transcription Factors Cell Cycle Genes are turned on/off (i.e. G1/S-Cyclins and S-Cyclins)

Mechanisms of ERK1/2-mediated cell growth (Due to a Mutation in Ras/Raf) Cell Death Cell Cycle Progression Cell Cycle Inhibitors i.e. CDKI: p27

ERK1/2-mediated cell growth Favorable Environment Cell Cycle Inhibitors i.e. CKI: p27 Cell Cycle Arrest Mechanism of ERK1/2-mediated cell growth Unphosphorylated Stable FOXO3a phosphorylated Degraded ERK1/2 FOXO3a CKI (p27) CdK/Cyclin Favorable Environment (Growth Factors!)

Regulation of Cell Death (Apoptosis) Anti-Apoptotic Pro-Apoptotic Unphosphorylated BAD and BIM Apoptosis Phosphorylated P-BAD and P-BIM Sequestered (BAD) or Degraded (BIM) Cell Cycle Progression

Mechanism of ERK1/2-mediated cell cycle progression Cell Death Mechanism of ERK1/2-mediated cell cycle progression Sequestered away from Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-XL P-BIM is polyubiquitinylated and degraded by the Proteasome Favorable Environment (Growth Factors!)

Review: Favorable Environments for G1 Entry Mitogens: Growth Factors such EGF, insulin, HRG, etc Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK, i.e. EGFR) Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs. i.e. ERK) Transcription Factors (i.e. AP-1) Other Transcription Factors (i.e. Myc) Cyclins (G1 Cyclin)

Regulation of G1 to S Phase Transition G1-Cyclin

DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Arrest in G1 UV or Chemotherapy E3 Ligase (gene name = WAF1)

CKI The Activation of p21 (CKI) by p53 results in inactivation of G1/S-Cdk Complex. Consequence G1/S Cell Cycle Arrest CKI

The Mechanism by which p53 Arrests Cells in G1/S Phase DNA Damage (radiation or chemotherapy) p53 Cell Death (Apoptosis) Waf1 gene encodes the p21 protein (CKI) On p21 Protein Rb E2F P-Rb G1/S-Cdks G1/S-Cyclins DNA DNA is not repaired CKI

Cell Cycle Arrest or Apoptosis Caused by Excessive Mitogenic Stimulation