Improving Antibiotic Use with the e-Bug Resources Dr Vicki Young e-Bug Project Manager, Public Health England www.e-Bug.eu

Overview for the Next Hour The importance of antibiotic education What is e-Bug? e-Bug activities to teach about antibiotics KS1 to KS5 Student resources www.e-Bug.eu

Antimicrobial Resistance “Antimicrobial resistance is a ticking time-bomb not only for the UK but also for the world. We need to work with everyone to ensure the apocalyptic scenario of widespread antimicrobial resistance does not become a reality.” - Professor Dame Sally Davies Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria develop ways of surviving against antibiotics that previously destroyed them www.e-Bug.eu

Why is AMR an issue? There are high proportions of resistant bacteria that cause common infections (e.g. urinary tract infections, pneumonia) in all parts of the world (WHO, 2014) PHE review estimates that by 2050 the global cost of AMR will be up to $100 trillion and will account for 10 million extra deaths a year (PHE, 2014) We will all be affected if antibiotics no longer work on common infections!

November 2015

We need to teach children about prudent antibiotic use as they are our future generation of antibiotic users and prescribers Well, it is necessary to teach children and young people about prudent antibiotic use as they are the future generation of users of antibiotics. However, it is also equally important to consider that in schools, infections and illness are a key contributor to student absenteeism. Also, half of children and young people consulting their GP have some type of infection, and antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed childhood medication. So if we’re able to reduce the number of infections in children, we’ll in turn reduce the amount of antibiotics being used by children. www.e-Bug.eu

But equally important: Within schools, infections are a major cause of absenteeism Half of children consulting their GP have an infection Antibiotics are the most common childhood medicines Well, it is necessary to teach children and young people about prudent antibiotic use as they are the future generation of users of antibiotics. However, it is also equally important to consider that in schools, infections and illness are a key contributor to student absenteeism. Also, half of children and young people consulting their GP have some type of infection, and antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed childhood medication. So if we’re able to reduce the number of infections in children, we’ll in turn reduce the amount of antibiotics being used by children. If we reduce childhood infections, we reduce antibiotic use www.e-Bug.eu

What is e-Bug?

What is e-Bug? A free microbiology, hygiene and health education resource for junior and senior school students, and young adults (15-18yrs) Established in 2006 by the Health Protection Agency, e-Bug is now funded and operated by Public Health England e-Bug aims to teach young people important health messages around the spread, treatment, and prevention of infection www.e-Bug.eu

Public Health England (PHE) An executive agency of the Department of Health Formed in April 2013 by bringing together over 70 organisations PHE has 7 key priorities www.e-Bug.eu

PHE’s 7 Priorities Tackling obesity, particularly amongst children Reducing smoking, stopping children starting Reducing harmful drinking and alcohol related hospital admissions Ensuring every child has the best start in life Preventing Dementia and reducing prevalence in 65-75 year olds Reducing rates of TB Tackling the growth of antimicrobial resistance Here are PHE’s 7 priorities. As you can see, many of our priorities relate to children and young people, and trying our best to help them to grow into healthy adults. Where the e-Bug team comes in is the last priority, tackling the growth of Antimicrobial resistance www.e-Bug.eu

The e-Bug Resources 4-7 yrs 7-11 yrs 11-15 yrs 15-18 yrs Online Science Show 7-11 yrs Junior school teacher pack Student website 11-15 yrs Senior school teacher pack 15-18 yrs Young adult teacher pack Peer education resources Launched in 2011 Launched in 2009 Launched in 2014/15

The Classroom Resource The teacher packs contains detailed lesson plans, activities, worksheets and extension activities on 11 different topics to engage children in interactive classroom learning. www.e-Bug.eu

7-11 years (KS2) and 11-15 years (KS3) The Pack Contents 7-11 years (KS2) and 11-15 years (KS3) Micro-organisms An Introduction Useful Microbes Harmful Microbes Spread of Infection Hand Hygiene Respiratory Hygiene Food Hygiene Farm Hygiene Sexual Transmission Chlamydia Prevention of Infection The Body’s Natural Defences Vaccinations Oral Hygiene Treatment of Infection Antibiotic Use and Medicine Microbes Antibiotics 4-7 Years (KS1) 15-18 Years (KS4/5)

The e-Bug Website This is the landing page of the e-Bug website. From here, teachers and other educators can enter the teacher specific site. www.e-Bug.eu

Teacher Website The e-Bug teacher website houses all the e-Bug resources in downloadable form including lesson plans, activity demonstrations and PowerPoint presentations. Here is the e-Bug teacher website. All of the e-Bug resources are available for free to download from the website. We have detailed lesson plans on the 10 different topics mentioned for classroom based learning, in addition to many other resources that are not included in the pack, such as videos and other multimedia. The news section continues to be updated for teachers and detailed curriculum links are also available. www.e-Bug.eu

The e-Bug Website On the home page of e-Bug, students can enter their appropriate site, so either the junior or the senior site. www.e-Bug.eu

Student Websites The student websites contains lots activities, enabling students to carry on their learning at home. Junior and Senior: Disease Fact Files Revision Guides Quiz Games Downloads Hall of Fame Home Science

Student Websites The student websites contains lots activities, enabling students to carry on their learning at home. Young Adult: Hot Topics Coursework and Revision Infection Advice Videos Patient Stories Animations Links

Science Show website http://bsac.org.uk/science-fair/

Science Show website Science Show Videos Posters Fact sheets Activities for KS1

EU and Beyond The e-Bug resources are currently being translated into all EU languages, Arabic and Mandarin, with 21 language websites live. The e-Bug team works with partners in 24 countries. September 2014 to August 2015: 151,239 worldwide visits! As I mentioned previously, e-Bug is an international project. The e-Bug resources are currently being translated into all the EU languages, Turkish and Arabic. At the moment, there are 19 language websites live for students and educators to access. We work with partners in 24 countries to spread key health messages across the world. And in this academic year between September and April, the e-Bug website had over 105 000 worldwide visits. *Saudi Arabia not shown www.e-Bug.eu

e-Bug activities to teach about antibiotics KS1 - 5 As I mentioned previously, e-Bug is an international project. The e-Bug resources are currently being translated into all the EU languages, Turkish and Arabic. At the moment, there are 19 language websites live for students and educators to access. We work with partners in 24 countries to spread key health messages across the world. And in this academic year between September and April, the e-Bug website had over 105 000 worldwide visits.

KS1 Antibiotic activities

KS2 Antibiotic activities Introduction Lesson plan Comic Strip Discussion points Word Mix up

KS3 Antibiotic activities Introduction Lesson plan Practical activity Worksheet Answer sheet

KS4/5 Antibiotic activities

KS4/5 Antibiotic activities Lesson Plan The e-Bug antibiotic lesson plan explores how antibiotics work and how bacteria differ from viruses or human cells: Animations and a student worksheet describe how antibiotic resistance arises and spreads. A presentation covers antibiotic discovery and resistance. A quiz allows you to test your students’ knowledge on antibiotics before or after the lesson. National data allows students to compare their answers to a wider population. Finally, students use statistical tests to analyse antibiotic resistance data.

KS4/5 Antibiotic activities Animation Clip 1: How antibiotics work to kill bacteria The difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics Why antibiotics do not work on viruses Clip 2: How antibiotic resistance arises Clip 3: How antibiotic resistance spreads between bacteria by horizontal and vertical gene transfer How antibiotic resistance spreads between people Clip 4: How to take antibiotics correctly

KS4/5 Antibiotic activities Quiz

KS4/5 Antibiotic activities Debate kit

Young Adult Peer Education resources e-Bug has a peer education lesson for 15-18 year olds on antibiotics: Older students can undertake the activities with younger students Or students of the same age could run the activities for their peers The lesson plan details how teachers can run these activities in their schools. www.e-Bug.eu

Young Adult Peer Education resources Information for Teachers Exam links/Learning outcomes Background Information for Peer Educators Introducing Antibiotics www.e-Bug.eu

Young Adult Peer Education resources Introducing Antibiotics www.e-Bug.eu

Young Adult Peer Education resources Information for Teachers Exam links/Learning outcomes Background Information for Peer Educators Introducing Antibiotics Antibiotic Resistance www.e-Bug.eu

Young Adult Peer Education resources Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic resistant bacteria Bacteria Antibiotic Antibiotic resistance can spread to other bacteria Antibiotic resistance is passed on when bacteria reproduce www.e-Bug.eu

Young Adult Peer Education resources Information for Teachers Exam links/Learning outcomes Background Information for Peer Educators Introducing Antibiotics Antibiotic Resistance Taking Antibiotics Correctly www.e-Bug.eu

Young Adult Peer Education resources Taking Antibiotics Correctly www.e-Bug.eu

Young Adult Peer Education resources Information for Teachers Exam links/Learning outcomes Background Information for Peer Educators Introducing Antibiotics Antibiotic Resistance Taking Antibiotics Correctly Optional: Extension/Homework Advance Preparation www.e-Bug.eu

Student websites - Junior and Senior

Student websites - Young Adult

Summary e-Bug hosts many resources to teach about antibiotics KS1 – KS5 resources for teachers Lesson plans Interactive activities Worksheets Animations Student resources for junior students, senior students and young adults www.e-bug.eu

Thank you for your time www.e-bug.eu Vicki Young Vicki.young@phe.gov.uk

Questions/feedback? What do you want to see from e-Bug around the topic of antibiotics?