Canada in The Post War World

The Cold War USA and USSR opposite political and economic structures Divide seen most clearly in Europe - separated by an ‘Iron Curtain’ Russia controls East Through Warsaw Pact America allies with west in Nato USA gives Marshall Aid to Germany and Europe to help them rebuild Russia gives financial support to it’s ‘satellite states’

Why Cold? 1949 – USSR tests first nuclear device Both sides had a nuclear deterrent Seen as too dangerous to fight each other directly Instead fought for influence Had wars by Proxy 1950s – Korea 1960s/70’s - Vietnam

The United Nations Formed right after WW2 – October 1945 Key document was Declaration of Human Rights – 10 Dec. 1948. Aim was to prevent war through agreement, sanctions or military action Stronger than LON Security Council – Have most of The power 5 permanent members have veto – Britain, France, USA, USSR and China Canada is a Middle Power

The Korean War Communist North Korea invades democratic South Korea North Korea helped by China and USSR South helped by military force led by USA Included Canadian soldiers 26,000 fought, 516 Canadian soldiers died War ended where it is today – 38th parallel

The Suez Crisis – July – November 1956 Suez canal important for oil transport to Britain Egypt Government takes control and runs successfully Israel invades with British and French support UN including USA condemns violence Canadian Forein Minister Lester B. Pearson suggests third way - UNEF Peace Keeping force Keep sides apart until agreement UN agrees. First peace keeping mission.

Defend from Attack!!! US concerned about USSR attack over Canada Organised through NORAD – Joint Air defence Canada agrees to early warning system Set up Radar to warn US of any attacks 3 stages: Pinetree 1954 Mid – Canada Line 1957 DEW Line 1960