Chapter 13 Moral Development

Moral Development: Cognitive Theories Piaget Heteronomous Morality Autonomous Morality Imminent Justice Kohlberg Preconventional Reasoning Conventional Reasoning Postconventional Reasoning

Criticisms of Kohlberg Cultural Differences Ethics of Autonomy Ethics of Community Ethics of Divinity Gender Differences Moral Dilemmas Justice Perspective Care Perspective

More Criticisms of Kohlberg Social Conventional Reasoning Moral Thought vs. Behavior Strong Family Influences Punishment Other Problems Environment of Assessment Situation Dependant Trait Dependant “Reasoning” Bad Behavior

Evolutionary Psychology and Morality Altruism Kin Selection Cheater Detection Social Control Standards in Human Morality

Moral Development: Emotional-Biological Theories Emotions and Morality Moral Development in Infants Empathy --autism --mirror neurons --fusiform facial area

Moral Behavior: Social Influences External Motivation Internal Motivation Parental Discipline Love Withdrawal Power Assertion Induction Spanking Issue

Schools and Moral Behavior Hidden Curriculum Character Education Cheating

Amoral Behavior Prosocial Behavior Antisocial Personality/Behavior Conduct Disorder ODD Juvenile Delinquency (early onset)

Study Guide Know the two different cognitive theories of moral development, be able to list the different stages, ages, and what type of reasoning is associated with those stages. Be able to recognize examples of each. (Also know which theorist had which stages.) Know what the different criticisms were regarding cognitive theory of moral development (cultural, gender, social conventions, behavior vs. thought, problems with parents, problems with assessment, situational factors and individual traits). How can reasoning be used in immoral behavior as well as moral behavior.

What are biological foundations for moral emotions and behaviors (evolution, fusiform facial area, mirror neurons). What are standard/universal morals (know some examples) in humans. How does emotion relate to morals. How does autism relate to emotion and empathy. For evolution, know the definitions of evolved moral emotions and behaviors (cross-species comparisons).

What are social foundations of moral development in children (parents, schools, culture, religion—we didn’t talk about the last one). Be able to name and describe the 3 main styles of parental discipline and how they affect moral development (be able to recognize examples of each). How does the use of physical punishment affect moral development. Be able to name the different ways schools attempt to teach morality.

What are different types of amoral or antisocial behavior What are different types of amoral or antisocial behavior. What are some developmental theories of the origins of antisocial behavior. What does empathy have to do with this. What are the two childhood diagnoses involved in antisocial behavior, be able to identify them and understand the differences. What are some of the causes of delinquent behavior.