Greek Government and War

Tyranny Tyrant was a leader who took control through force Tyranny- government that was ruled by a harsh and cruel ruler typically from a noble home of the city-states

Oligarchy Power of the city-state was governed by a few Sparta is a Military Oligarchy 2 Kings Council of Elders Assembly

Democracy Citizens shared the responsibilities pf running the government. Athens Held a assembly as the main governing body A lottery was held to select assembly members

Direct Democracy and Representative Democracy Direct Democracy- A form of democracy in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision making process Representative Democracy- A form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf.

Persia Persia’s Empire included: Southeast Asia, Iran Egypt, Asia Minor, and Mesopotamia Religion was Zoroastrians (monotheistic) King Cyprus allowed all exile Jews to return to their homeland from the Unit on Ancient Israel.

Persian Wars 400’s Persia wanted to expand into Europe Began to collide with the Greeks in Anatolia Main difference between GREECE AND PERSIA GREECE- Democracy PERSIA- MONARCY

Timeline of Persian War 490BC King Darius Sent 600 ships to invade Greece (Battle of Marathon) 480BC King Xerxes invaded Greece with 200,000 foot soldiers. 479BC- Greeks defeated Persia 449BC- Peace between Greece and Persia 300’s BC- Persia so weakened by outside attacks Alexander is able to over throw.

Battle of Marathon 490 BC King Darius Sends 600 Ships and 20,000 soldiers Athens has 10,000 soldiers Terrible Defeat for the Persia

The Rule of Pericles Ruler of Athens from 461 BC to 429 BC Allowed Athenians to practice DIRECT DEMOCRACY Appointed people to positions based on ability not social class Rebuilt City after the Persian War Major supporter of the arts

Peloponnesian War 431 War broke out between the city-states of Athens and Sparta War lasted until 404BC Known as the Peloponnesian War

Pericles Funeral Oration After the first year of battle, Athens held a funeral service for all fallen soldiers. Pericles made speech claiming the not matter what Athens way of life was worth fighting for. “DEMOCRACY WAY OF LIFE IS WORTH PROTECTING”

Peloponnesian War Athens Strategy for 2years was to stay in city walls and have navy bring in supplies. Worked well until disease broke out killing 1/3 of the populations The next 25 years Sparta and Athens fought each winning battles leaving no clear winner Sparta made a deal with Persia to give Greek land in exchange for money for a NAVY. 405BC Sparta’s Navy destroyed Athens through blockades.

Outcome of the War The Greek City-states were destroyed Sparta ruled Greece for 30 years under a very strict law making allies mad Sparta spent most of the 30 years putting down rebellions 371BC Thebes seized Sparta and controlled Greece for 10years After their collapse Macedonia rose with Phillip II and Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great Son of Phillip II of Macedonia 334 BC Led all Greek city-states as one united GREECE invaded Persia 333 BC Fought through Asia Minor to gain land in Syria and the Middle East 331BC Conquered all of Egypt- Built the City of Alexandria on the Mediterranean coast 327BC Marched into Northern India ( Solders convinced Alexander to return to Greece) 323 BC Alexander Died in Babylon of a Fever

The Legacy of Alexander Greek language, art, ideas, architecture was spread thorough out the areas of Middle East, Northern Africa, Southwest Asia Hellenistic Era “like the Greeks” began due to Alexanders Empire Empire was divided into 4 different Macedonia, Pergamum, Egypt, and Seleucid Known as the Hellenistic Kings By 100BC the city of Alexandria was the largest city on the Mediterranean World.