Emerging opportunities for negative emissions solutions for cities Cleaner services that reduce climate guilt A Trifecta of Killer Apps Todd Flach Senior Advisor CCS The Bellona Environmental Foundation

Bellona in brief Bellona 3.0 Bellona 2.0 Bellona 1.0 Field Activist 1986 Bellona 2.0 Solutions Partner Bellona 3.0 Solutions Accelerator

Two city-centered, proven success stories will converge to something bigger, better and CO2-negative!

“Cities all over Europe will only buy electric buses from 2025 onwards-and I am very sure of this. Urban transport will be electric-we are on the brink of radical change..” –Joachim Drehimes in 2018, CEO of MAN Truck & Bus.

“What will cities do with all this valuable biogas when electric buses take over for biogas buses, and where will cities get all the electricity to charge fleets of electric buses?” –Me, thinking about this trend since last year.

Biogas - Cities already leading operators of this dedicated energy value chain Foto: Øivind Munkås

Biogas – Meet your new application – fuel cells coupled with CO2 capture Gills Onions in Oxnard, California, has been operating its 600KW fuel cell system since 2009. Biogas from onion waste stream. Photo credit: FuelCell Energy

Fuel cells + biogas + CO2 capture + electric bus charging = Net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere every time you ride the city’s electric buses Fu el cells egative emissions Biogas, electric buses CO2

Net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere – A simple concept Net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere = Negative CO2 emissions

CHP + Biomass + CO2 Capture And yet another opportunity for cities for net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere CHP + Biomass + CO2 Capture Photo: Per Myrehed Stockholm Exergi Combined Heat and Power plant

Summary: A Trifecta of Killer Apps Cities are perfectly positioned to deliver heat, cooling, power and waste treatment services that remove CO2 from the atmosphere Biogas + fuel cells + CO2 capture → electricity for charging the city’s electric buses Biomass heating/cooling/power plant + CO2 capture Waste-to-Energy plant + CO2 capture (as presented by Fortum Oslo Varme)

Want to learn more? www.bellona.org todd@bellona.no Net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere, using Services and solutions for cities with help from industry and policy www.bellona.org todd@bellona.no