Match the form of government with it’s definition: Warm-Up Match the form of government with it’s definition: Monarchy Autocracy Direct Democracy Representative Democracy Oligarchy Anarchy When one person has total control of a country. When there is no government Citizens vote directly on every issue A King or Queen serves as ruler of a country When a small group of people have total control Citizens vote for leaders to make decisions for them

The Glorious Revolution Review from last week… A Monarchy is a form of government where a King or a Queen serve as leader. Power is handed down through their family, and the ruling monarch makes all of the decisions. This is called an absolute monarchy. However, most in most monarchies today, the King or Queen does not have total control. Today we’ll find out why. It all starts way back in England in 1215 CE….

The Magna Carta Signed by King John of England in 1215. The nobles (wealthy, land-owners) wanted more power. By signing the Magna Carta, King John agreed that the powers of the monarchy are NOT absolute. This means: The King is not above the law! He can’t just do whatever he wants! He needs the approval of the people! The Magna Carta also established the rule of habeas corpus habeas corpus- Latin for “bring the body” This means: You can’t be arrested and thrown in jail without a trial, and you need to be told what you’re being arrested for.

The Magna Carta, 1215

The Glorious Revolution During the 16th and 17th centuries, most countries in Europe were ruled by absolute monarchies. These countries believed in the divine right of kings, the idea that the king got his power from God This means: the king had unlimited power! Even questioning the king was punishable by death! England had established a Parliament- a group elected to make laws that the citizens want. (rich citizens, at least) But the Monarchy didn’t always listen to or respect the wishes of Parliament…

The Path to Revolution…. King Henry VIII (ruled England from 1509-1603) Wanted to divorce his wife for not having a son, but the Catholic Church wouldn’t allow Started his own church (called Anglican) and made himself head of it Married six times total Divorced 2, killed 2, 1 died in childbirth, one lasted until he died

The Path to Revolution… King Henry VII’s daughter Elizabeth became queen (ruled from 1558-1603) She was a moderate- kept both the monarchy and parliament happy. Religious fighting began to break out between: Catholics: old church Anglicans: the new church Puritans: SUPER religious, wanted to “purify” the Anglican church to be more “godly”

The Path to Revolution… Elizabeth never had an heir (child) to take the throne, so her cousin James became king. He refused to negotiate with Parliament. When he died, his son Charles became king. He wanted to go back to an absolute monarchy where the king had unlimited powers.

The Glorious Revolution In 1642, a Civil War broke out : King vs. Parliament The Parliament supporters wanted the king to follow laws that Parliament created. They were led by a Puritan man named Oliver Cromwell. Parliament supporters won! And quickly Oliver Cromwell became a dictator, changing all of the laws of England to become more “pure”.

The Glorious Revolution Cromwell died and England had to figure out what to do. They brought back the king, but with strict rules: England would be a constitutional monarchy King had to share power with Parliament Kind had limited powers

The Glorious Revolution (1642) There were three big results from the Glorious Revolution: England created a constitutional monarchy, where the Monarchy would share power with Parliament. The “divine right of kings” was over. The king had to follow all the same laws as everyone else and was not any “closer to God” than any other citizen. It inspired people around the world to stand up to the autocracy and have revolutions to start democracies.