Cicero: Considered the greatest of ancient Roman Orators

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Elements of an Argument
Advertisements

Classical Argument Outline. The basic plan for organizing an argument along classical lines includes six major components: Introduction Statement of Background.
Cicero: Considered the greatest of ancient Roman Orators
Daily Learning Target: I can apply the six parts of the persuasive speech as well as ethos, pathos, and logos in order to create and compose a persuasive.
Expository Writing.
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF WRITING PARAGRAPHING. WHAT IS A PARAGRAPH? “a group of sentences or a single sentence that forms a unit” Can be a group of sentences.
Today’s goals Evaluate the final class media project
Chapter Overview  Discusses the Classical Greek and Roman approaches to structuring persuasive speeches  Explains how to combine classical and contemporary.
5 Canons of Rhetoric. Aristotle’s Five Traditional Canons of Rhetoric 1.Invention 2.Arrangement 3.Style 4.Memory 5.Delivery.
Classical Oration.  Structure in arguments defines which parts go where.  People don’t always agree about what parts an argument should include or what.
Structuring Arguments. Structuring arguments  Defines which parts go where  Logical arguments described as:  Inductive reasoning  Deductive reasoning:
AP Lang and Comp Ms. Bugasch November 5, 2013 “E” Day Goals 1.Finish political cartoon presentations.
Greek and Roman Rhetoric THE CLASSICAL ORATION. 1.Exordium: The speaker/writer tries to win the attention and good will of an audience while introducing.
Communicating Effectively.  Etymology: Middle English rethorik, from Anglo-French rethorique, from Latin rhetorica, from Greek rhētorikē, literally,
The Language of Composition Chapter 1: Using the Available Means AP English Language and Composition.
RHETORIC.
Language of Composition Chapter 1. Key Terms Rhetoric Rhetoric Audience Audience Context Context Purpose Purpose Bias Bias Thesis Thesis Claim Claim Assertion.
The Classical Model of Rhetoric (oratory, later written)
Intro to Argument Appeals to Reason, Emotion, and Ethics Direct and Indirect Arguments.
{ Digging Deeper Into Argumentation.  Determining a clear structure helps with clarity  Similarities found between published engineering reports and.
The Classical Model for Argumentation. Organization Classical rhetoricians call this arrangement since you must consider how your essay and its individual.
Daily Warm-up: What points would you make if you were presenting an argument against the uniforms to Ms. Rains and Ms. Roach? Homework: Reading Plus due.
Classical Rhetoric By the time we’re through… It won’t be all Greek to you Maybe more like Latin.
INTRODUCTION TO ARGUMENTATION. Argument Persuasion vs Argument Persuasion has a broader meaning. To persuade means to win over whether by giving reasons,
Argument Organization
Introduction to Rhetoric chapter one. Rhetoric *definition: the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion *rhetoric is.
How to write your research paper
CLASSICAL ORATION INDUCTION DEDUCTION TOULMIN MODEL
Rhetoric The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion--Aristotle.
The Research Paper Process
Introduction to Argumentative Writing
Everything’s An Argument
Elements of an Argument
Elements of an Argument
Structuring Arguments English 1301
Introductions Should capture the audience’s attention.
An Introduction to Rhetoric
Introduction to Argument and Rhetoric
Argumentative Writing
Argumentative Writing
Argument: Key Terms.
an introduction to RHETORIC
Slide 2 Attention-Getter/Link to Audience:
Shaping Argument: 4 Ways
A Model for Writing a Persuasive Paper
Essential elements of an argument
The Classical Model fifth century B.C., the classical argument- Roman court system a model for writers and speakers For those who believe their case can.
Argumentative Writing
Introduction to Argument and Rhetoric
Cicero: Considered the greatest of ancient Roman Orators
Language of Composition
Introduction to Argumentative Writing
Constructing Arguments
1. Discuss Speech topic format and procedure
Today’s goals Peer review the 3rd draft of our synthesis essays
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments:
Journal What do you think makes for a good speech/speaker? List and explain at least three things.
Classical Oration Argument.
Structuring and Analyzing Arguments:
AN INTRODUCTION TO RHETORIC
A Model for Writing a Persuasive Paper
Rhetoric The Greek Philosopher Aristotle defined rhetoric as “the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.”
The Classical Model for Argumentation
Rhetoric : the art or skill of speaking or writing formally and effectively especially as a way to persuade or influence people.
Argument Organization: Classical Model
Cicero: Considered the greatest of ancient Roman Orators
9th Literature EOC Review
Organization.
Argumentative Writing
September 25, 2017 AP English 3 Mr. Bell
Presentation transcript:

Cicero: Considered the greatest of ancient Roman Orators The Classical Oration Devised by Greek and Roman rhetoricians nearly 2500 years ago for presenting cases in courts or making speeches to the senate. Hail Cicero! Hail Aristotle! Hail Plato! Cicero: Considered the greatest of ancient Roman Orators Adapted from Everything’s an Argument by M. Gaines. Published 2010.

Still Relevant Today Elements of classical oration or classical argument still influence our attitudes and perspectives today. The use of context, assertions, evidence, logos, ethos, pathos, counterclaims, and analysis work together to persuade and influence others. Consider how well-formed arguments are infused into advertising, political speeches and debates, even everyday communication.

CLASSICAL ORATION Sequence of Six Parts PART 1-Exordium (from Latin “ to urge forward”) As you have no doubt heard, you need to “capture” the attention of your audience and win their “good will” before you begin to lay out your argument. This is called a “lead” in journalism. A lead can be a shocking statistic, a rhetorical question, or a bold fact that will introduce your topic and explain why it should matter. (Cross reference the verb “to exhort.”) The Exordium can do one or more of the following: Show importance/relevance of the issue. Show how the issue affects the audience. Show how the issue affects everyone. Show how the issue affects the general good of the community.

PART 2-Narratio (from Latin “ to narrate or tell a story”): Narratio: The narratio gives background information, or what is referred to as “context.” It’s the “O” in SOAPSTONE. It relates events or conditions that have occurred in the past and which now provide the occasion/reason/context for the speech or essay. The narration should be brief, clear, and believable, thus furthering the justification of why the topic is important. The narration can explain why something must be changed or why a certain way of thinking is not working.

PART 3-Partitio (from Latin “ to divide into parts) Partitio: The partitio is the section of the speech or essay where the speaker or writer divides up, or “partitions” the subject into a claim (assertion) and its key, supporting arguments in the order they will be addressed. Simply put, the Partitio is your Thesis Statement, which consisits of your claim plus 2-4 supporting arguments. Once the Partitio is set, you can organize the rest of your speech/essay, fleshing it out with evidence, rhetorical appeals and logical analysis. NOTE: The Exordium, Narratio, and Partitio can all be condensed and combined into one introduction paragraph when you are writing under a time limit.

PART 4-Confirmatio (from Latin “to confirm, verify, reinforce”) Confirmatio: Here the speaker/writer offers detailed support for the claim, using factual evidence, analysis, and rhetorical appeals (logos, pathos, ethos). Laying one part evidence with two parts analysis is the goal as you build/stack your argument paragraphs.

PART 5-Refutatio (from Latin “to refute”) Refutatio: The speaker/writer acknowledges that the other side has some valid points and then refutes opposing claims, arguments and/or evidence Question: why do you want to acknowledge that the other side’s arguments have merit? Wouldn’t that just weaken your own arguments?

PART 5-Refutatio (from Latin “to conclude an oration”) Peroratio: The speaker/writer summarizes the case by circling back to the thesis statement and reiterating the claim and supporting arguments. The speaker/writer should also use some kind of closing strategy to leave the hearers/readers with a strong final impression. Closing strategies can be a call to action/change, a rhetorical question, a bold statement, or any other closer that galvanizes your position and point of view.

Apply your understanding of the Classical Oration argument model with the assignment below: Text: The Declaration of Independence Using colored pencils, identify and label the different parts of the Classical Oration argument model in the text. Explain in the margins why you labeled the parts as you did to demonstrate your understanding of the Classical Oration argument model.