DOCUMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY FOR ARTIFICIAL SPAWNING OF ESOX LUCIUS SPECIES – PIKE TECHNOLOGY DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY DISPLAY Object Object The elaborated technology is after controlled spawning of Esox lucius – pike, towards redressing its natural populations and inserting it on aquaculture. The elaborated technology is after controlled spawning of Esox lucius – pike, towards redressing its natural populations and inserting it on aquaculture. Area of implementation Area of implementation Implicit costumers of spawning technology are economical agents that have the main activity fishing and aquaculture. Implicit costumers of spawning technology are economical agents that have the main activity fishing and aquaculture.

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS OF APPLYING TECHNOLOGY 2.1 Technological system for artificial spawning of Esox lucius Technological system for artificial spawning must include the following buildings, installations and facilities: Technological system for artificial spawning must include the following buildings, installations and facilities: ponds for pre-maturation; ponds for pre-maturation; ponds for maturation; ponds for maturation; station for incubation; station for incubation; Such constructions are recommended to be located as close to one another in order to enable fast evolve of works. Such constructions are recommended to be located as close to one another in order to enable fast evolve of works. Technological system will be apportion depending on production capacity agreed by costumer, and will ensure by its capacity the spawning of minimum 50 families, in order to insure maintenance and conservation of genetic biodiversity of species. Technological system will be apportion depending on production capacity agreed by costumer, and will ensure by its capacity the spawning of minimum 50 families, in order to insure maintenance and conservation of genetic biodiversity of species.

Ponds for pre-maturation (Fig. 1) are intended for standing pike breeders in the period November – March. These are earthen ponds made by digging, usually have rectangular form, surface of 1000 – 2000 m2, maximum 3000 m2, depth of 2.0 m and flow of water supply 3 – 5 l/sec/ha. These are earthen ponds made by digging, usually have rectangular form, surface of 1000 – 2000 m2, maximum 3000 m2, depth of 2.0 m and flow of water supply 3 – 5 l/sec/ha. Ponds for maturation used for standing of breeders after administration pituitary injection are build on Earth made in cut and have surface of 20 – 30 m2 and depth of 1 m (Fig. 2). Ponds for maturation used for standing of breeders after administration pituitary injection are build on Earth made in cut and have surface of 20 – 30 m2 and depth of 1 m (Fig. 2).

Station for hatching is so constracted that can ensure a constant temperature and can be adjusted and used to reproduce several species of fish. Construction dimensions are determined by the number and type of hatcheries and by the size of tanks used to rearing larvae. Usual length of hatching hall is 40 – 50 m and width is 10 – 12 m. Station for hatching is so constracted that can ensure a constant temperature and can be adjusted and used to reproduce several species of fish. Construction dimensions are determined by the number and type of hatcheries and by the size of tanks used to rearing larvae. Usual length of hatching hall is 40 – 50 m and width is 10 – 12 m. Small laboratory; Small laboratory; Platform for carrying out work on the collection of sexual products and fertilization; Platform for carrying out work on the collection of sexual products and fertilization; Devices for hatching; Devices for hatching; Modules for standing, maturation of breeders; Modules for standing, maturation of breeders; Tanks for standing and rearing larvae; Tanks for standing and rearing larvae; System for supplying, distributing, adjusting and discharging technological water. System for supplying, distributing, adjusting and discharging technological water.

Device for hatching pike eggs is aimed to achieving some optimum conditions for hatch and rearing larvae during postembryonic development. Device for hatching pike eggs is aimed to achieving some optimum conditions for hatch and rearing larvae during postembryonic development. System consists of two concrete tanks located in a pilot station provided with pipeline network for supplying, distributing and discharging technological water, platform for apportion and fertilization of eggs, support frames for hatching eggs, modules for antifungal treatment of eggs. System consists of two concrete tanks located in a pilot station provided with pipeline network for supplying, distributing and discharging technological water, platform for apportion and fertilization of eggs, support frames for hatching eggs, modules for antifungal treatment of eggs. Concrete tanks have a useful volume of 120 m3 and dimensions of 30 × 4 × 1.2 m (Fig. 6). These are supplied with pond water through lateral pipelines with a diameter of 100 mm on which are fitted as many as 7 taps. The maximum flow rate provided by the 7 taps on each pipe is about 70 l/min, generally working flow rates being smaller (50 l/min). Concrete tanks have a useful volume of 120 m3 and dimensions of 30 × 4 × 1.2 m (Fig. 6). These are supplied with pond water through lateral pipelines with a diameter of 100 mm on which are fitted as many as 7 taps. The maximum flow rate provided by the 7 taps on each pipe is about 70 l/min, generally working flow rates being smaller (50 l/min).

Support frames for hatching pike eggs (Fig. 9). This type of frame is like a box opened at the top, having the dimensions of 34 × 40 cm, margins of 5 – 6 cm, made of wood from brad. On the long side present a slot with dimensions of 10 – 15 cm which allow to eliminate the excess of spermatozoids and after hatch allow larvae to escape in the concrete tank where they will start rearing cycle. Support frames for hatching pike eggs (Fig. 9). This type of frame is like a box opened at the top, having the dimensions of 34 × 40 cm, margins of 5 – 6 cm, made of wood from brad. On the long side present a slot with dimensions of 10 – 15 cm which allow to eliminate the excess of spermatozoids and after hatch allow larvae to escape in the concrete tank where they will start rearing cycle.

DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY The technology for artificial breeding and rearing of Esox lucius larvae imply the passing through of following phases: The technology for artificial breeding and rearing of Esox lucius larvae imply the passing through of following phases: Assurance of breeders stock; Assurance of breeders stock; Evaluation of phenotypic characters and sex determination; Evaluation of phenotypic characters and sex determination; Standing, pre-maturation of breeders; Standing, pre-maturation of breeders; Assessment of reproductive condition Assessment of reproductive condition Induction of sexual cells maturation; Induction of sexual cells maturation; Gathering sexual products; Gathering sexual products; Fecundation; Fecundation; Incubation of sexual products in special installed enclosures; Incubation of sexual products in special installed enclosures; Sacking and transportation of larvae; Sacking and transportation of larvae; Rearing larvae up on achieving adult-like phenotypic characters; Rearing larvae up on achieving adult-like phenotypic characters; Bagging and transportation of fry. Bagging and transportation of fry.

Assurance of breeders stock Having regard to the fact that pike reproducing early spring, when water temperature is of 8 – 10 0C, breeders are separated by sex and standing in ponds of pre-maturation on fishing in autumn, such as wintering coincides with pre-maturation time. Having regard to the fact that pike reproducing early spring, when water temperature is of 8 – 10 0C, breeders are separated by sex and standing in ponds of pre-maturation on fishing in autumn, such as wintering coincides with pre-maturation time. Stoking density on pre-maturation ponds is of 500 – 600 ex/ha. Stoking density on pre-maturation ponds is of 500 – 600 ex/ha. Pike breeders will be examined immediately after fishing for evaluation of phenotypic characters and determination of sex. Breeders with length of 50 – 60 cm and width of 1.5 – 2 kg are selected. Fish hit or affected by parasitic or infectious diseases are not accepted. Pike breeders will be examined immediately after fishing for evaluation of phenotypic characters and determination of sex. Breeders with length of 50 – 60 cm and width of 1.5 – 2 kg are selected. Fish hit or affected by parasitic or infectious diseases are not accepted.

Maturation of breeders At the end of winter – usually in early March, when water temperature reaches 5 – 6 0C, breeders are transferred in maturation ponds separated by sex, in which is ensure continuous stream of water. At the end of winter – usually in early March, when water temperature reaches 5 – 6 0C, breeders are transferred in maturation ponds separated by sex, in which is ensure continuous stream of water. Hormonal induction Is accomplish when water temperature is situated around the value of 10 0C. For hormonal induction will be used extract of carp pituitary. Females are induced to spawn with 3.5 – 4 mg/kg of body weight, depending on maturation stage, and for males is administered 1.5 – 2 mg/kg of body weight. Is accomplish when water temperature is situated around the value of 10 0C. For hormonal induction will be used extract of carp pituitary. Females are induced to spawn with 3.5 – 4 mg/kg of body weight, depending on maturation stage, and for males is administered 1.5 – 2 mg/kg of body weight. Gathering sexual produces is accomplished after about 72 hours. Gathering sexual produces is accomplished after about 72 hours.

Gathering eggs and artificial fertilization Gathering eggs is made from perfect sexually matured females. At the time harvesting eggs, the fish is hold by rolling up with a towel of mull around the head and tail, is hold by head with left hand in position with tail down so that by gently palpation of abdomen, eggs to fall in jar prepared (Fig. 10). Gathering eggs is made from perfect sexually matured females. At the time harvesting eggs, the fish is hold by rolling up with a towel of mull around the head and tail, is hold by head with left hand in position with tail down so that by gently palpation of abdomen, eggs to fall in jar prepared (Fig. 10).

Sperm is milks directly on the eggs or pipette (using the same type of pipette as for carp fertilization) and then doped on the eggs. Sperm is milks directly on the eggs or pipette (using the same type of pipette as for carp fertilization) and then doped on the eggs. Hatch on frames in tank for postembryonic rearing. Hatch on frames in tank for postembryonic rearing. Comparatively with classic technology in which pike eggs were subjected to operation of desizing and incubation in Zug- Weiss hatcheries, at CCDP Nucet, it has develop a more efficient method for incubating eggs, on frames, in tanks where is also accomplished postembryonic development after hatching time. Comparatively with classic technology in which pike eggs were subjected to operation of desizing and incubation in Zug- Weiss hatcheries, at CCDP Nucet, it has develop a more efficient method for incubating eggs, on frames, in tanks where is also accomplished postembryonic development after hatching time.

Rearing larvae In the first stage of development, larvae can be reared inside of hatching station, in special tanks for postembryonic development with following sizes: 30 × 4 × 1 m. Tanks are provided with an enclosure of filtering to the discharging side to prevent escape of larvae or fries. In the first stage of development, larvae can be reared inside of hatching station, in special tanks for postembryonic development with following sizes: 30 × 4 × 1 m. Tanks are provided with an enclosure of filtering to the discharging side to prevent escape of larvae or fries. Water supply is made gravitationally from subsiding tank where filters are fixed on each column that filling spawning stations. Water supply is made gravitationally from subsiding tank where filters are fixed on each column that filling spawning stations.