Communication.

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Presentation transcript:

Communication

Layers, interfaces, and protocols in the OSI model. Layered Protocols (1) 2-1 Layers, interfaces, and protocols in the OSI model.

A typical message as it appears on the network. Layered Protocols (2) 2-2 A typical message as it appears on the network. Layering provides transparency and interoperability

Functionalities of Layers Physical: Standardizes signaling interfaces Data link: Organizes bits to form frames, detects and corrects transmission errors Network layer: Routing (Internet protocol [IP]) Transport layer: Reliability (retransmission, ordering of packets) Session layer: Dialog control and synchronization Presentation layer: Formats of messages and records Application layer: Specific to applications (HTTP, FTP)

Client-Server TCP 2-4 Normal operation of TCP. Transactional TCP.

Middleware Protocols Resides in the application layer Provides protocols for supporting generic services Authentication protocols Commit protocols (Atomicity) Distributed locking Slightly adapted reference model

An adapted reference model for networked communication. Middleware Protocols 2-5 An adapted reference model for networked communication.

Remote Procedure Call Send/receive do not conceal communication Birrel and Nilsen designed first RPC protocol Allowing programs to invoke procedures on other machines Caller invokes the procedure and is suspended Parameters are passed to callee, which executes the process and returns results Caller continues with its execution Hides communication