Vocative Case Ablative of Place From Which Latin I March 10-14, 2014 Lesson 13 Vocative Case Ablative of Place From Which Latin I March 10-14, 2014

Today’s Schedule Review Perfect Tense Learn Vocatives and Ablatives of Place From Which Perfect Tense review worksheet, check flashcards, recite numbers

Let’s Review! PERFECT TENSE: past action completed Drop the –i from the 3rd principal part to find the verb stem Add the perfect endings!

Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. doceo docere docui doctus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. docui - i = docu-

Perfect Tense docu imus docu i docu istis docu isti erunt docu it docu We taught We have taught We did teach I taught I have taught I did teach First Person docu imus docu i You taught You have taught You did teach You taught You have taught You did teach Second Person docu istis docu isti They taught They have taught They did teach erunt He taught He has taught He did teach Third Person docu it docu

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus Perfect Tense terreo, terrere, terrui, territus We scared We have scared We did scare I scared I have scared I did scare First Person terru imus terru i You scared You have scared You did scare You scared You have scared You did scare Second Person terru istis terru isti They scared They have scared They did scare erunt He scared He has scared He did scare Third Person terru it terru

Vocative Case (Lesson 13) In Latin, the vocative case is used to address people directly or to get their attention. Charles, come here! Emily, you’re the best sister anyone could have! Leave me alone, creep!

Vocative Case The name “vocative” case comes from the Latin word “voco”: “to call.” The vocative is set apart by commas in English. It’s often used with the imperative (command) verbs.

How To Make a Vocative Most Latin words use the nominative ending for their vocative form, too. Yay! No new endings! What is it, mother? Quid est, mater? Carry the water, my daughter. Porta aquam, mea filia. But… there are exceptions!

How To Make a Vocative Words that end in –us make their singular vocative by changing the –us to –e. Carry the water, Marcus! Porta aquam, Marce! Hurry, friend! Festina, amice!

How To Make a Vocative Words that end in –ius make their singular vocative by changing the –ius to –i. Free the captives, Lucius! Libera captivos, Luci! Hurry, son! (filius) Festina, fili!

What To Take Away From the Lesson! Vocatives are used to address someone directly. The only words that use special endings are –us and –ius singular words. -us = -e -ius = -i All other words just use their nominative endings.

Making Vocatives! Quintus agricolae Cornelia Tullius Anna Marcus amicus servus Quinte agricolae Cornelia Tulli Anna Marce amice serve

Ablative of Place From Which You have 3 prepositions in your vocabulary list this week that all mean “from.” a, ab: away from (the outside) de: down from, from, about, concerning ē, ex: out from (the inside), from, out of *“a” and “ē” are used before words that begin with consonants

Ablative of Place From Which All 3 prepositions are followed by a noun in the ablative case. Remember that ablative case endings are: -ā, -o, -e (singular) -is, -ibus (plural) Remember: There are lots of ABlative uses!

Translating Ablative Phrases ex aquā ā casā ā casis de Italiā de equo de equis de gloriā āb arbore ex arboribus out of the water away from the house away from the houses from Italy down from the horse down from the horses about glory away from the tree out of the trees