National Hydrogen Association March 2007 Conference European Hydrogen Bus Developments
Europe’s Driving Forces 80% of population lives in urban areas Transportation produces 25% of global warming emissions High environmental sensitivity Limited indigenous sources of hydrocarbons High cost of fuel Energy security
Mercedes Benz HICE Vehicles 1984-1988
Early Hydrogen Bus Efforts 1994 First MAN hydrogen fueled transit bus Munich 1996 -1998 Commercial bus service 1999 Munich Airport – three HICE buses 2001 Munich Airport – two fuel cell buses Traveled over xxx km Transported zzz passengers
Munich Airport
Europe’s Hydrogen Initiatives
CUTE Buses
CUTE Results Two Years 2003 to 2005 192,000 kilograms of hydrogen dispensed 8,900 fuelings Over 1 million km traveled Over 5 million passengers No hydrogen related accidents 27 buses in nine cities
HyFleet/CUTE CUTE extended to 2009 14 HICE MAN buses added to fleet Total number of buses 41 Cost €43 million Jan 2006 to Nov 2006 417,00 km driven 91,000 kg of hydrogen consumed
Some Press Releases - 1 Shell Hydrogen Press Release, June 6, 2006 Shell, MAN, Connexxion creating “the world’s largest hydrogen-fueled public transit operation in Rotterdam Connexxion “will operate more than 20 hydrogen internal combustion engine buses”
Some Press Releases - 2 The Berliner Zeitung, July 19,2006 BVG “will buy up to 250 hydrogen buses by 2009” “One out of every five buses in the city would be hydrogen-fueled Spiegel Online, December 22, 2006 MAN
Berlin Transit HICE Buses
Implementation Plan Hydrogen-fueled Vehicles --€2.6 billion Sustainable Hydrogen Production --€398 million Stationary & Portable Fuel Cells –€2.8 billion Matching funds Initiative --€0.9 billion Total Budget --€6.7 billion