Chapter 5 Thermochemistry Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 5 Thermochemistry © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

What drives physical objects in reactions?

What is Energy? Energy is the ability to do work or transfer heat. Energy used to cause a physical object that has mass to move is called work. Energy used to cause the temperature of an object to rise is called heat. Tempreature is directly related to energy (kinetic energy) © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Definitions: Energy and force Energy used to move an object over some distance is work. w = F  d where w is work, F is the force, and d is the distance over which the force is exerted. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Definitions: System and Surroundings The system includes the molecules we want to study (here, the hydrogen and oxygen molecules). The surroundings are everything else (here, the cylinder and piston). © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Units of Energy The SI unit of energy is the joule (J). kg m2 An older, non-SI unit is still in widespread use: the calorie (cal). 1 cal = 4.184 J 1 J = 1  kg m2 s2 © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

FYI Other units of energy in use eV cm-1 © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Energy – force transfer Energy is defined through force between objects. The force is the cause of change in interactions between them. Note: If energy is always force in transfer then it will always be conserved.(First Law of Thermodynamics) © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Energy types - definitions Definitions : Types of energies We can define any type of energy based on its origin , function etc. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Potential Energy Potential energy is energy an object possesses by virtue of its position or chemical composition. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is energy an object possesses by virtue of its motion. 1 2 KE =  mv2 © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Heat Energy can also be transferred as heat. Heat flows from warmer objects to cooler objects. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Energy: Conversion of Energy Energy can be converted from one type to another. For example, the cyclist above has potential energy as she sits on top of the hill. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Conversion of Energy As she coasts down the hill, her potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. At the bottom, all the potential energy she had at the top of the hill is now kinetic energy. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.