Emergence trap for monitoring the cranberry tipworm Dasineura oxycoccana in Quebec Annabelle Firlej, Jean-Pierre Deland & Daniel Cormier

Cranberry tipworm Dasineura oxyccocana Diptera pest presents in North-America Attacks shoots of cranberry and provokes gall In blueberry: blueberry gall midge but reproductive isolation (Cook, 2011) I would like to talk you about the cranberry tipworm, a tiny diptera insect, pest of cranberry in North america. Th femal lays eggs on shoot of cranberry and the larva fed on tissu provoking a gall. In blueberry, this insect is called the bluberry gall mide Photo: CETAQ

Cranberry tipworm Dasineura oxyccocana 25% of the field in Quebec with damage In general upright damaged produces 50% less fruits (Le Duc 2010) When infested by the 3rd generation: 33% of fruiting buds are recovered the next year (Le Duc 2010) Uprigh damage can produce lateral branch when attacked by the first generation. Photo: CETAQ

Scouting Current scouting: 100 shoot observed under binocular = time consuming! Need for adult scouting to better predict egg population, generation and spraying date MOVENTO 240 SC registered, application after flowering at egg hatching Different methods tested or under development for monitoring adults (Sarzinsky & Liburd, 2003, talk of S. Fitzpatrick) The current scouting technic consists in sampling 100 shoots in a bed and observing them in the laboratory in with a binocular. This method is very time consuming and give a portrait of population in real time. There is clearly a need to develop a new tool or method for monitoring adults in order to have the chance to predict egg population, the arrival of generation in the fiel and to help in determining spraying date for growers that want to control this insect. I talk about spray because there is an insecticide that is registered in Canada since this year the movento. Diferrent methods of trapping adults have been tested in the past with much or less success and You will see also after me a presentation on the development of a pheromone trap. But because an effective pheromone trap will not avalaible in the proximate year, we have decided to try another method.

Monitoring in blueberry of Florida Emergence trap developed for blueberry gall midge in blueberry rabbiteye (Roubos & Liburd 2010) We have found a study in the literrature published by Roubos & Liburd . They have developped traps for monitoring the bluberry gall midge which is th esame species but in blueberry, The study concluded on a good performance of two traps to predict population of immature in the field. Then we thaught that it was something that need to be tested in cranberry to see if ther is any potential to monitoring the cranberrry tipworm adults.

Emergence traps developed in Quebec Petri dish trap (P1) Plate trap (P2) Inspired by traps developped in Florida, we made-up two traps with a black bucket of 5 gallons US. The traps were painted with white paint, fixed to the ground with with tent peg and rode. In the first trap, Petri dish of a plate at top. The Petri dish was set up with a tape. The plate was sealed with a mastic and ta pe was also applied. The petri dih and the plate were covered by trangle trap. In this manner, adult emerging from pupae attarcted by the light stick on the tangle trap.

Objectives and set up Which trap perform better? Are adults populations correlated with eggs or larvae populations? Where to set up the trap? Is the scouting with a trap more costly (labor) We have divided the bed in 12 plots. In each, we have paired the two type of traps. Because it was important to catch newly emerged adults, the traps rotated every week. This meant that we move the traps of 2 meters eahc weeks on a circle perimeter of a circle of 10 meters of diameter. We

Objectives and set up Which trap perform better? Are adults populations correlated with eggs or larvae populations? Where to set up the trap? Is the scouting with a trap more costly (labor) 3 farms 9 fields 15 weeks of sampling 2 traps 12 of each traps We have divided the bed in 12 plots. In each, we have paired the two type of traps. Because it was important to catch newly emerged adults, the traps rotated every week. This meant that we move the traps of 2 meters eahc weeks on a circle perimeter of a circle of 10 meters of diameter. We

Objectives and set up Which trap perform better? Are adults populations correlated with eggs or larvae populations? Where to set up the trap? Is the scouting with a trap more costly (labor) 3 farms 9 fields 15 weeks of sampling 2 traps 12 of each traps We have divided the bed in 12 plots. In each, we have paired the two type of traps. Because it was important to catch newly emerged adults, the traps rotated every week. This meant that we move the traps of 2 meters eahc weeks on a circle perimeter of a circle of 10 meters of diameter. Every week, we have collected plate and petri dish, they were observed in laboratory to count adult

Objectives and set up Which trap perform better? Are adults populations correlated with eggs or larvae populations? Where to set up the trap? Is the scouting with a trap more costly (labor) 3 farms 9 fields 15 weeks of sampling 2 traps 12 of each traps We have divided the bed in 12 plots. In each, we have paired the two type of traps. Because it was important to catch newly emerged adults, the traps rotated every week. This meant that we move the traps of 2 meters eahc weeks on a circle perimeter of a circle of 10 meters of diameter. Every week, we have collected plate and petri dish, they were observed in laboratory to count adult Adult can be identify with general shape, color, wings nerves, and articles of antenna. Photo: CETAQ

Here you see results of the first farm, this farm was the more infested Unfortunately, we don’t have the begining of the curve. One funding programms has given us their agreement of support very late and than we began the sampling of adults on last week of may. At least two weeks later. You can see here that number of adults traped in Petri dish trap was always higher than in plate traps

The third farm was completely different in patner of population The third farm was completely different in patner of population. This farm is organic and number of adults was very low. Population of eggs and larvae appeared later in the season. May be this can be explained by natural ennemies

Are adults populations correlated with eggs or larvae populations? Farm Stage P1 P2 1 egg 0.74223 <.0001 0.74077 <.0001 larva 0.86582 <.0001 0.88196 <.0001 2 0.71212 <.0001 0.71867 <.0001 0.82630 <.0001 0.85291 <.0001 3 0.41317 0.0065 0.43717 0.0038 0.54363 0.0002 0.47228 0.0016 The graph gave you general patern of ppulation but the important it’s to look at correlation. We made correlation between adults tapped and eggs or larve counted in the same bed the week later. we can see that each trap is higly correlated with eggs and larvae population on berd one week later. Correlation with larvae are better and this can certainly be explained by the life cycle of the insect that have an the egg stage very short in time. We can see that the two traps are very similar in the results of correlation Spearman correlation

Which trap perform better? Are adults populations correlated with eggs or larvae populations? Where to set up the trap? Is the scouting with a trap more costly (labor) So to respond to the question, wich trap perform better? W ecan says that the two traps showed good results. Even if the plate traps catch a bit less insects, they show good correlation. In the second year we were interested to keep only one trap and we decided to keep the Petri dish trap, because the petri dish is more easy to manipulate in the field and in the lab. Observing adults on the plate under a binoculare can be a challenge because the plate is very large. Also we suspect that the mastic used to seal the plate on the bucket was not really efficient to prevent escape of individuals.

In summer 2013 Which trap perform better? Are adults populations correlated with eggs or larvae populations? Where to set up the trap? Is the scouting with a trap more costly (labor) Petri dish trap 12 farms 12 traps in each field Early may to September HOBO loggers This summer we have repeated the set up with only the petri dish trap and in 12 farms. We have set up Hobo loggers to observe temperature in paralell to adult population in the beds. And we will perform anaylis to determine how much trap we would have in the field to have the correlation with immature population. Our expectation is to have only one pertri dish trap located in the best place in the bed.

Analyzing time of labor We have timed persons that ha done the traditionnal scouting and the field trap sampling. The time here represent time need to collect 100 upright in one bed and the time in laboratory to observe these upright. This doesn’t take into account the time of transportation. Here the time represent the time needed to move the 12 petri dish trap in a field and the time needed to observed each petri dish under binocular. This doesn’t take into account the time of walking in the bed because the time vary in function of the size of the bed. The last chart is the time needed to move the 12 petri dish trap and the observation on site of the adult with a magnifying glass. We can see that time spent with traditional scouting is significantly higher. And I have to precise that here we have the time spent to move and observe 12 traps but it’s logical that if this method of scouting is adopted we will not have 12 traps in a bed but more only one trap. So definitively, using traps to monitor adults of cranverry is less itme consuming. ANOVA P<0.0001

Analyzing error du to technique used If we have a look to the error of identification when you observe petri with a binocular versus directly in the field…we can see that error is not significantly different. ANOVA P>0.05

Conclusion Petri dish efficient to capture adults Good correlation with eggs but better with larvae Appears less costly in time of labor Data integration in forecasting model predicting eggs and larvae generation. Gaétan Bourgeois Scientist in Bioclimatology and Modelling Now we will work with gaetan bourgeois scientist in bioclimatology who has created a model for the cranberry tipworm in the software CIPRA. This software permit to predict with degree days the flight of different pest insects and generation of eggs and larvae in order to have a predictive tool for IPM. We will see with gaetan if we can integrate data of adults collected in traps and data from traditionnal scouting to see if the model is running well and can prdict pic of egg laying and larvae hatch. We hope our result of trap development and model integration will give valuable tools for agnonomist in futur.

Acknowledgements Franz Vanoosthuyse (IRDA) Jonathan Veilleux (IRDA) Students from CETAQ and IRDA Growers from Quebec Funding: