Stiffness (k) is equal to force (x) divided by change in length (Δm).

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Copyright ©2001 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. Emerg Med J 2001;18:
Advertisements

Percentage of anaerobic threshold–metabolic equivalent (MET) relationship during the 10 m shuttle walking test with cones for post-myocardial  infarction.
Changes in physical fitness between baseline, 3-month and 12-month follow-up: (A) Mobility limitations in neck-shoulder area; % with severe limitations,
Insulin action after a meal.
The facet joint (FJ) recesses at L1–L5 levels.
Bland-Altman plot comparing average steps/day over a 7-day period for the Fitbit tracker and ActiGraph accelerometer. Bland-Altman plot comparing average.
Bland-Altman plots comparing step counts over a 2 min walk test for the Fitbit tracker, ActiGraph accelerometer and visual count by a physiotherapist.
 Trends in incidence rates of reported work related injuries and illnesses in jobs with and without exposure, for two exposure categories (hours/week and.
The facet joint (FJ) recesses at T11–L1 levels.
Masashi Maeda et al. Heart Asia 2013;5:7-14
Percentage change in oedema levels between pre-exercise, immediately postexercise and 48 hours postexercise grouped by condition (SS, static stretching;
Distribution of percentage compliance during the intervention period for Sch-I and Sch-V. Distribution of percentage compliance during the intervention.
PRISMA flow chart illustrating study inclusions through the stages of the systematic review. PRISMA flow chart illustrating study inclusions through the.
(A) Schematic of roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis bead pair placement in relation to tear. (A) Schematic of roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis.
Harvest plot of intervention effects on muscle physical activity levels. Harvest plot of intervention effects on muscle physical activity levels. Each.
Interpretation of results presented as heat maps and heat map results for the exercise subtests, ranked by the total Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score.
Each circle represents the outcome of one patient, but sometimes the circles are very close or even merge. Each circle represents the outcome of one patient,
Kaplan-Meier survival curve for unloader brace—Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated rapid conversion to TKR for the first 12 months, which then.
Growth factor release from LP-PRP system preparations.
(A)  Scatter plot representing the difference between YPAQ-derived MVPA and accelerometer-derived MVPA plotted against the criterion method (accelerometer);
Predicted %TBW by orthopaedic surgeons and rehabilitation professionals, and actual values demonstrated by the ‘educated patient’ for PWB. PWB, partial.
Energy expenditure and heart rate for 16 participants while (1) sitting in a standard office chair, (2) sitting in a standard chair using the FootFidget.
Risk of having any adverse effects with supplements compared with placebo. Risk of having any adverse effects with supplements compared with placebo. Stratified.
Harvest plot of intervention effects on fitness and exercise capacity.
Scoring scale for single-leg balance test.
Continuous glucose monitor readings during a trek to Everest Base Camp shown as a per cent of total readings with CGM glucose below 3.9 mmol/L, 3.9–10 mmol/L,
Correlations and 90% confidence limits (dashed line) between mean carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates measured during the high-intensity interval training.
Scoring for modified drop-jump test.
Standardised differences in fat and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation rates and running speed between well-trained (WT) and recreationally trained (RT) runners.
Mean oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), fat oxidation and carbohydrate oxidation rates during the high-intensity interval training.
Predicted %TBW by orthopaedic surgeons and rehabilitation professionals, and actual values demonstrated by the ‘educated patient’ for TTWB. %TBW, percentage.
Reduction of muscle soreness after intervention, described as AUC of the difference after intervention minus before intervention for placebo and leucine.
Demographic and situational information for all 361 exertional heat illness cases (left) and 137 hospitalised cases (right), displayed by (A) occupational.
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) exponentially decreases as the duration of wear increases. Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) exponentially.
Changes in intensity and frequency of pain and work-induced local musculoskeletal strain between baseline, 3-month and 12-month follow-up. Changes in intensity.
PRISMA flow diagram for selection of RCTs from leading sports medicine journals for the publication years 2005 and 2015. PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items.
S chart showing sustained reduction in length of stay (LOS) for all inpatients and a reduction in the variation around the mean length of stay. S chart.
The vertical ground reaction force–time waveforms generated by the model for FFS trials with varied m1 values. The vertical ground reaction force–time.
Study design and the time course of measurements taken in the study.
Diagrammatic representation of the change of position of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon between pronation and supination. Diagrammatic representation.
MRI of a female rugby player in her 30s demonstrates Pfirrmann type IV degenerative disc changes at L4–L5 with endplate oedema (arrowheads) and a disc.
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared with the Canadian population. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared with the Canadian population.
Bland and Altman plot for comparison of the difference between the score based on the kinematic variables recorded from the photogrammetric system outputs.
Reduction of strength loss after intervention described as averaged differences (visit 4 compared with visit 1) of the baseline corrected time points 0hours.
Reduction of C2C/CP2 deflection after intervention (mean+95% CI)
Maximal rates of fat oxidation in men and women across different submaximal exercise intensities in the untrained state and after 12 weeks of SIT. *Indicates.
Improvements in physical function.
Individual lipid measures for high-carbohydrate (n=10) and low-carbohydrate (n=10) ultra-endurance athletes. Individual lipid measures for high-carbohydrate.
Forest plots of function at (A) 6 months and (B) 1–2 years (Beard et al,12 1 year; Paavola et al,13 2 years). Forest plots of function at (A) 6 months.
Power-cut hop test. Power-cut hop test. For example, in the above diagram it shows that for a right leg power-cut hop participants would jump off their.
Percentage of individuals aged 16 and over taking cardiovascular-related prescriptions, by sex, England 2012–2013. Percentage of individuals aged 16 and.
Percentage change in creatine kinase (CK) levels between prematch, immediately postmatch and 48 hours postmatch grouped by condition (SS, static stretching;
Risk of cardiovascular disease mortality by cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index categories, 2316 men with type 2 diabetes at baseline, 179 deaths.
Forest plots of pooled studies ultrasound-guided lavage with a corticosteroid injection to shockwave therapy for change in pain in patient with chronic.
CLE scores before and after treatment with IMT of 28 athletes consecutively referred for work-up of EIIS and diagnosed with EILO at the outpatient clinic.
A model for structuring medical and science services and function—based on aspects of the current and previous (2009–2012) UK Athletics Performance Department.
Distribution of glioma cases and controls by level of total cumulative specific energy (TCSE) (in joules per kilogram) at the estimated centre of the tumour;
(A) The online sports-health surveillance system workflow (adapted from Clarsen et al8). The workflow was completed every 2 weeks for judo and weekly for.
Forest plot of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus control on tendinopathy pain. Forest plot of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus control on tendinopathy.
Forest plot for one-study removed sensitivity analysis of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus control on tendinopathy pain. Forest plot for one-study removed.
 Coronal proton density images showing the kissing contusion low density signal areas (arrows) on the lateral femoral condyle (A).  Coronal proton density.
Relationship between the mean of actually measured and predicted postoperative oxygen uptake (ppo V̇O2peak as % of predicted), and the difference between.
(A) Individual participant data points plotting YPAQ-derived MVPA versus accelerometer-derived MVPA. (B) Bland-Altman plot with mean bias and 95% limits.
Changes in scores for the BDI (top graph), PSS (middle graph) and BAI (bottom graph) for high and low attenders. Changes in scores for the BDI (top graph),
Model deviance associated with including, in a polychotomous regression model of profusion categories, each GEI formed from the combination of powers of.
Objectively measured distributions of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and sedentary time during.
Mean rectal temperature (°C) data for each condition over the experimental period. Mean rectal temperature (°C) data for each condition over the experimental.
SMD (95% CI) for outcomes at 12 weeks
The average percentage of employees absent at any point in a calendar month, in the entire mine. The average percentage of employees absent at any point.
Unloader knee brace patient pathway
Presentation transcript:

Stiffness (k) is equal to force (x) divided by change in length (Δm). Stiffness (k) is equal to force (x) divided by change in length (Δm). Vertical stiffness (kvert) is a measure of system/whole body stiffness and is equal to maximum vertical ground reaction force (Fmax) divided by change in whole body centre of mass (ΔCOM). Vertical stiffness therefore is regulated by the function and interaction/coordination of individual anatomical structures and stiffness at joints. Benjamin G Serpell et al. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016;2:e000150 ©2016 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd