USH 14 AMERICA’S EVOLVING RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE WORLD AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY

SSUSH14 Explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century. a. Describe how the Spanish-American War, war in the Philippines, and territorial expansion led to the debate over American imperialism. b. Examine U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.

America is growing…. 1. New markets 2. New territories 3. Growing the Navy

What is IMPERIALISM? The policy of extending the rule or authority of a nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies or territories https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f3HIxr8qhQ

What is a territory? An organized division of a country that is not yet admitted to the full rights of a state. Puerto Rico- 1900 Virgin Islands- 1936 Guam- 1950 Northern Marianas Islands- 1978

America acquires Alaska from Russia in 1867

The Spanish-American War 1898- U.S. vs. Spain Ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas U.S. acquired territories in the Pacific and Latin America.

The Spanish American War Cuba was a Spanish colony that made a lot of $ for Spain with its sugar cane plantation. The U.S. invested a lot of $$$ in mines, railroads and sugarcane plantations in Cuba

The Spanish American War Cuba declared independence and Spain sent troops to Cuba to put down the rebellion The U.S. sent the battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American interests in Cuba

The Maine exploded in Havana Harbor (Who did it The Maine exploded in Havana Harbor (Who did it?) killing 250 officers and men “Remember the Maine” became a battle cry for Americans Yellow Journalist wrote articles about Spanish aggression and brutality. America was ready for intervention *The U.S. Congress Declared Cuba was an independent Nation Demanded that Spain withdraw from Cuba Authorized the use of force if necessary

The Spanish American War The war began in the Pacific and was fought in the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans The U.S. had a 2 ocean navy (Pacific and Atlantic fleet) Fighting took place in The Philippines ( a Spanish colony) Cuba (a Spanish Colony) Guam (a Spanish Colony)

Only 385 U.S. soldiers died in the war 9th and 10th African American Calvary Teddy Roosevelt’s all volunteer Rough Riders

The Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish American War on December 10, 1898 Spain grants Cuba independence Puerto Rico and Guam were now U.S. territories The U.S. paid $20 million for the Philippines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjv-SS8FXNE

The Philippines War- 1899 to 1902 The Philippines had wanted freedom from Spain They wanted the U.S. to give it to them The U.S. made the Philippines a territory to stabilize it This angered the rebels and the U.S. had to fight the Philippine- American War which was an American victory. The U.S. eventually gave the Philippines it independence in 1946

Hawaii becomes part of America Americans influenced Hawaii in the mid 19th century – (businesses) In 1840 a Constitutional Monarchy was created limiting the monarchy in Hawaii In 1887 the U.S. established a naval base at Pearl Harbor Queen Liliuokalani ascended the throne (the sister of the king) and tried to throw out the current constitution and return the old constitution to Hawaii

https://study.com/academy/lesson/american-imperialism-in-hawaii-china-the-philippines.html Coup against Queen Liliuokalani led by Sanford Dole and backed by the U.S. military Congress eventually annexed Hawaii and it became the 50th state in 1959

Debate in the U.S. about American Expansionism Pro Imperialism and Expansionism Anti Imperialism and Expansionism Important for trade, power, and defense (military bases and ports) Opposed annexation because they said it was the opposite of America’s principles.

The Panama Canal The Panama Canal is a man made waterway that connects the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean 1st attempted by the French- failure. Panama was part of Columbia, but wanted to separate Theodore Roosevelt sent U.S. troops to help Panama win their independence The U.S. took over construction of the Panama Canal in 1901/ construction began in 1904

https://www. youtube. com/watch. v=Pv0upmpPw3c https://www. youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pv0upmpPw3c https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5suBW5-G9Sg

Why did the United States want the Panama Canal To shorten the sailing time between the east and west coast For national defense by insuring faster movement of U.S. naval assets from one ocean to another The United States needed to protect its new holdings in the Pacific.

Theodore Roosevelt

Teddy Roosevelt is the Conservationist President He was the Secretary of the Navy, but resigned to lead the all volunteer Rough Riders in Cuba during the Spanish American War He became a war hero He was the VP to President McKinley who was assassinated He was a Progressive President with his “SQUARE DEAL”- he went after Trusts, Consumer protection, Conservation efforts including the creation of the National Parks Service and many national monuments. The Grand Canyon was declared a National Monument. "We have fallen heirs to the most glorious heritage a people ever received, and each one must do his part if we wish to show that the nation is worthy of its good fortune." - Theodore Roosevelt

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHC5jdXFmGQ He was a Progressive President with his “SQUARE DEAL”- he went after Trusts, Consumer protection, Conservation efforts including the creation of the National Parks Service and many national monuments. The Grand Canyon was declared a National Monument.

American involvement in Latin America In 1902 Great Britain and Germany threatened to invade Venezuela because the nation was not paying loans back to the 2 countries. Roosevelt did not want European presence in Latin America He reminded the European countries about the Monroe Doctrine of 1823. In 1904, Roosevelt stated that the Europeans were not welcome in the region (Europe wanted to get involved again in Latin America. The U.S reminded them of the Monroe doctrine and told them to stay out, they would take care of it)

Roosevelt Corollary This was known as Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (usually shortened to the Roosevelt Corollary The U.S. might intervene in the affairs of an American republic threatened with seizure or intervention by a European country.