Quotes and Paraphrases (Slides 2-12) Introductions and Conclusions (Slides 13-15)

Step 1: Before implementing quotes and paraphrases... WRITE your paper in its ENTIRETY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Use what you know (personal experience) and what you’ve learned (book experience) to create your argument—defining heroism…

DON’T FORGET to “theme” your paragraphs (see ENGLISH 12 POWERPOINT 1)… Once you’ve picked subtopics—or themes—for each paragraph, build them using the following ‘key’: Paragraph Building (Body Paragraphs): State topic/argument/purpose of the paragraph; include supporting evidence (outside or from within the literary text, itself); lead into the next paragraph or into the conclusion of the paper… 

This simple insert connects the paragraph directly to the thesis… P1 THEME: Explaining human intuition/Inner Determination and Conscious Effort (A. Personal Understanding; B. Enkidu; C. Beowulf) Some say human intuition—the first step towards heroism—is like an inner voice that gives guidance to those who heed its perspective. It derives from experience and, perhaps, trials lost, and is easily compared to having wisdom. So, its link with heroism is that it defines how heroic a person will be. For example, if a person chooses not to listen to this inner voice, neglecting what is wise, then that person is less likely to be selfless, loyal, honorable, and overall heroic. Meanwhile, a person who chooses to listen to this inner voice typically leads a wise and selfless life, serving rather than seeking self-gratification. This person is, thus, a hero. So, overall, the use of intuition and wisdom make for the service of a hero. This simple insert connects the paragraph directly to the thesis…

Step 2: Picking quotes and paraphrases: Go online or to a book, and find a quote or an argument—to paraphrase—that fits what you’re saying… The quote for ‘my paper’: “True heroism is remarkably sober, very undramatic. It is not the urge to surpass all others at whatever cost, but the urge to serve others at whatever cost.” --Arthur Ashe DOCUMENT THE QUOTE: SEE SLIDE 4!!!!

AND DON’T FORGET: When pulling a quote, remember to “source it.” In other words, even if you think that you may use it, document its information for future reference and notation in your works cited page. What information should I write down? (Glad you asked…) Name of the Author Title of the Article/Chapter/Sub title Title of the Webpage/Book/Magazine/Newspaper Year printed/written/last updated Type of Publication (Is it Print? Film? Web?) Date found [in MLA format—DAY Month YEAR (29 September 2014)] If any of the above parts are missing—and by missing, I mean you’ve thoroughly checked the source for them—then skip over that piece of information.

Insert, including in-text citations Explain Step 3: Properly insert the quote into your paper by following these three simple guidelines: Introduce Insert, including in-text citations Explain “So-in-so” says/said, “…” (citation). Arthur Ashe, a professional tennis player and human activist, once stated, “True heroism is remarkably sober, very undramatic. It is not the urge to surpass all others at whatever cost, but the urge to serve others at whatever cost” (“Biography”). Arthur Ashe, a professional tennis player and human activist, once stated, “True heroism is remarkably sober, very undramatic. It is not the urge to surpass all others at whatever cost, but the urge to serve others at whatever cost” (“Biography”). In this statement Ashe agrees, heroism and intuition are directly linked, in that the use of one determines the fulfillment of the other.

By the end of it all… Some say human intuition—the first step towards heroism—is like an inner voice that gives guidance to those who heed its perspective. It derives from experience and, perhaps, trials lost, and is easily compared to having wisdom. So, its link with heroism is that it defines how heroic a person will be. For example, if a person chooses not to listen to this inner voice, neglecting what is wise, then that person is less likely to be selfless, loyal, honorable, and overall heroic. Meanwhile, a person who chooses to listen to this inner voice typically leads a wise and selfless life, serving rather than seeking self-gratification. This person is, thus, a hero. Arthur Ashe, a professional tennis player and human activist, once stated, “True heroism is remarkably sober, very undramatic. It is not the urge to surpass all others at whatever cost, but the urge to serve others at whatever cost” (“Biography”). In this statement Ashe agrees, heroism and intuition are directly linked, in that the use of one determines the fulfillment of the other. So, overall, the use of intuition and wisdom make for the service of a hero.

servant’s “heart”= heroism REVIEW the paragraph, ensuring that it links back to (‘equals’) the paper’s overall purpose. P1: human intuition= wisdom= servant’s “heart”= heroism

P2: Humility/Selflessness (A. Beowulf (specifically Unferth; B P2: Humility/Selflessness (A. Beowulf (specifically Unferth; B. Personal Association) Likewise, humility and selflessness directly pair with the act of heroism. If a person’s use of intuition and wisdom determine—directly or indirectly—a person’s likelihood of achieving heroism, then characteristics, such as humility and selflessness, illuminate a person’s success in the matter. In the epic Beowulf, for example, the character Beowulf seems arrogant and boastful, at first glance. However, upon further notice, it can be easily concluded that Beowulf is more humble than for which he is typically given credit. In fact, his humility is best depicted in his first conversation with King Hrothgar. Beowulf says, “My people have said, the wisest, most knowing/And best of them, that my duty was to go to the Danes’/Great King. They have seen my strength for themselves” (149-151). In this quote…

humility and selflessness= heroism Beowulf=humility and selflessness; P2: humility and selflessness= heroism Beowulf=humility and selflessness; Beowulf=hero b/c his actions demonstrate such behaviors Demonstration of such behaviors=demonstration of heroism

Step 4: Include every quotes/paraphrases source in the works cited page. (Example below) Kelley 4 Works Cited “Biography.” A and E Networks: bio. 2014. Web. 2 October 2014. “from Beowulf.” Elements of Literature; Sixth Edition. Trans. Burton Raffel. Austin: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2008. 21- 48. Print. “from Gilgamesh.” Elements of Literature: Sixth Edition. Trans. Herbert Mason. Austin: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2008. 58- 63. Print.

Completing Introduction paragraphs… Typically start with the writing of your thesis statement (i.e. starting with general information, moving towards specific information) After you’ve established the overall focus and purpose of the paper, add an extra thought or two to conclude this paragraph and launch the reader into the 1st body paragraph. If necessary, revise the intro. paragraph to include an opening statement that is perhaps on topic or can be related/compared to the topic—again as general information.

EXAMPLE INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH: Thesis ADDED thoughts Most people believe heroism to be closely associated with characteristics like bravery, courage, honor, loyalty, and passion; however, the true definition of heroism is linked to human intuition. It is a person’s inner determination and conscious effort to face an “enemy”—whatever it may be—with humility, selflessness, self-control, and wisdom, striving to achieve victory for all through servitude. Thus, it can be said that the mantle of heroism is not a respecter of persons. It belongs to whoever chooses its lifestyle.

Conclusion paragraphs: Length= 3 to 5 sentences is enough Content= ‘summarize’ the main points of the paper (BUT… do not repeat yourself; just clarify your argument) Added Bonus= include any final thoughts or clever comparisons [Refer to your intro. paragraph (If you began with an outside comparison or metaphor, then refer back to it in the end—so as to complete the “frame” of the paper.)]