Gramicidin A (GA) decreases HIF protein expression in RCC cells.

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Gramicidin A (GA) decreases HIF protein expression in RCC cells. Gramicidin A (GA) decreases HIF protein expression in RCC cells. A, RCC cells were treated with vehicle or GA in normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions for 24 hours and protein expression was measured by immunoblot analysis. B, RCC cells were treated with vehicle or GA and relative transcript expression of HIF-1α (top) and HIF-2α (bottom) was measured by qRT-PCR. Graphs, mean ± SE of three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05. C, hypoxic SN12C cells were treated with vehicle or 0.5 μmol/L of the indicated ionophore for the indicated time points and protein expression was measured by immunoblot analysis. Justin M. David et al. Mol Cancer Ther 2014;13:788-799 ©2014 by American Association for Cancer Research