Slide 1 Structure of Plants

A. Functions of Roots _________________________plant in the ground Slide 2 A. Functions of Roots _________________________plant in the ground Absorb water & minerals Root cap: _______ the root tip; drills for water Fibrous Roots Root Hairs

B. Root Types Slide 3 Tap Root 1. Fibrous Roots: branching roots hold soil in place to _______________ Ex. Grasses 2. Tap Roots –larger central root reaches _______________ sources underground Ex. Trees, Carrots, & Dandelions

A. Functions of Stems _________ system for plant body Slide 5 _________ system for plant body ______________ system carries water & nutrients Holds leaves & branches upright Looking at the picture to the left: What years had the most rain? What years experienced the worst drought? Each light and dark tree ring equals one year of annual growth. Light rings for fast spring growth, dark for slow summer growth. Smaller rings tell of past droughts that have occurred.

A. Functions of Leaves Main ________________ organ Slide # 6 Main ________________ organ Broad, flat surface increases surface area for light absorption Have systems to prevent water loss __________ open in day but close at night or when hot to conserve water; regulated by guard cells waxy __________ on surface System of gas exchange Allow CO2 in and O2 out of leaf Elephant Ear Plant

B. Leaf Structures Leaf Cross-Section Slide # 7 Leaf Cross-Section Cuticle: ______________; covers upper surface ___________ leaf against water loss Veins: ____________ water, nutrients and food Made of xylem (transports water) and phloem (transports sugar) Cambium: makes new xylem and phloem Mesophyll: contains cells that _____________________ b/c they contain Chloroplasts. Cuticle Veins Mesophyll Stoma (Opening) 2 Guard Cells Surround each Stoma Stoma- singular Stomata-plural

cells that _____ _________ the stoma More Plant Parts… Slide # 8 Guard cells: cells that _____ _________ the stoma Stomata: _______ in leaf’s surface; when open: GAS EXCHANGE: Allows CO2 in & O2 out of leaf TRANSPIRATION: Allows excess H2O ________________ Guard Cells Stoma

Function of Stomata Slide # 9 What process involves using CO2 and H2O releasing O2 as a waste product? _____________________ What is the plant using this process to make? ______________________ If the plant needs water for photosynthesis, why is water coming out of the stoma? Guard Cells Guard Cells What goes out? O2 H2O CO2 What goes in? Stoma Open Stoma Closed Stoma

Function of Guard Cells Slide # 10 These stomata (leaf openings) naturally allow water to evaporate out. Why would the plant close stomata with guard cells? Prevent __________ water loss through transpiration. (conserve water) So what is the point of having stomata? Allow ________________ for photosynthesis Guard Cells Guard Cells Stoma Open Stoma Closed Guard cells open by inflating with extra water. They do this by pumping K+ ions into the cell, which causes water to rush in via osmosis to diffuse the high ion concentration.

C. Plants find a use for Transpiration Slide # 11 ______________: loss of excess water from plant leaves 2. Significance: Transpiration causes enough pressure to help pull water (& required nutrients) up stem from roots. As part of the ____________, trees transpire water back into the atmosphere. Transpiration provides much of the daily rain in rainforest. A B A average size maple tree can transpire 200 liters of water per hour during the summer. Transpiration is the #1 driving force for pulling water up stems from roots.

Structure of a Flower 1.Pistil:_____________ reproductive structure Slide # 12 Filament Anther Stigma Style Ovary Pistil Petal Sepal Ovule Stamen 1.Pistil:_____________ reproductive structure Stigma: ___________; traps pollen Style: _____________; transports pollen from stigma to ovary Ovary: contains ovules; ovary develops into fruit Ovule: contains ________cell which develops into a seed when fertilized

Structure of a Flower Stamen: ___________ reproductive structure Slide # 13 Filament Anther Stigma Style Ovary Pistil Petal Sepal Ovule Stamen Stamen: ___________ reproductive structure Filament: thin stalk; _________________ Anther: knob-like structure; produces _____________ Pollen: contains microscopic cells that become _________________

 Structure of a Flower Slide # 14 Filament Anther Stigma Style Ovary Pistil Petal Sepal Ovule Stamen Sepals: encloses & ____________________before it blooms Petals: usually colorful & scented ________________________________

Cross Pollination How does pollination happen? Slide # 15 Cross Pollination How does pollination happen? Pollen from an _________ is caught by the __________, travels through style to the ovules in the ovary. What is the result of pollination? A ________: An ovary containing seeds.

Plant Responses and Adaptations Slide # 16 Chapter 25 Plant Responses and Adaptations

Hormone Action on Plants Hormone-producing cells Hormone Action on Plants Slide #17 A. Plant cells can produce ____________: which are chemical messengers that travel throughout the plant causing other cells called _______ cells to respond. B. In plants, hormones control: Plant growth & _________________ Plant responses to _________________ Movement of hormone Target cells Cells in one blooming flower signals other blooms using hormones to open.

C. Plant cells will send signals to one another to tell them: Slide # 18 C. Plant cells will send signals to one another to tell them: When trees to drop their ________. When to start new ___________. When to cause fruit to __________. When to cause flowers to _______. When to cause seeds to ________. Leaf Drop Tree Budding Fruit Ripening Cactus Blooming Sprouting Corn Seeds

D. Ethylene causes Fruit to Ripen Slide # 19 D. Ethylene causes Fruit to Ripen Fruit tissues release a small amount of _______________ Causes fruits to _________. As fruit become ripe, they produce more and more ___________, accelerating the ripening process. Ethylene released by apples and tomatoes causes fruit to age quickly.

Slide # 20 Plant Tropisms 1. _____________: the way a plant grows in response to stimuli in the environment. Phototropism: growth response to _________ -Plants bend towards light b. Geotropism: growth response to __________ -plant roots grow down with gravity, shoots (stems) grow up against gravity and out of the soil. c. Thigmotropism: growth response to _________ -vines grow up around trees, venus flytrap closes when leaves are touched

Thigmotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Slide # 21 What type of tropism is shown in these pictures? Phototropism Geotropism Thigmotropism Phototropism Geotropism Thigmotropism