Female reproductive disorders: the roles of endocrine-disrupting compounds and developmental timing  D. Andrew Crain, Ph.D., Sarah J. Janssen, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., Thea M. Edwards, Ph.D., Jerrold Heindel, Ph.D., Shuk-mei Ho, Ph.D., Patricia Hunt, Ph.D., Taisen Iguchi, Ph.D., Anders Juul, M.D., John A. McLachlan, Ph.D., Jackie Schwartz, M.P.H., Niels Skakkebaek, M.D., Ana M. Soto, M.D., Shanna Swan, Ph.D., Cheryl Walker, Ph.D., Teresa K. Woodruff, Ph.D., Tracey J. Woodruff, Ph.D., M.P.H., Linda C. Giudice, M.D., Ph.D., Louis J. Guillette, Ph.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 90, Issue 4, Pages 911-940 (October 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.067 Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Development of the PCOS phenotype. The combined influence of genetically inherited factors and embryonic and fetal exposure to environmental factors leads to the onset of PCOS in adulthood. The metabolic, as well as reproductive, disruptions associated with PCOS phenotype are shown. Based on Xita and Tsatsoulis (53). Fertility and Sterility 2008 90, 911-940DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.067) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Environmental factors influencing early puberty. Fertility and Sterility 2008 90, 911-940DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.067) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Well-defined developmental periods of sensitivity when EDC exposure greatly increases the risk for reproductive disorders. Fertility and Sterility 2008 90, 911-940DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.067) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions