D‐Aspartate treatment attenuates myelin damage and stimulates myelin repair ALeft: Superimposed single‐cell traces representative of the effect of 10 μM.

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D‐Aspartate treatment attenuates myelin damage and stimulates myelin repair ALeft: Superimposed single‐cell traces representative of the effect of 10 μM AMPA on [Ca2+]i detected in MO3.13 cells in the absence or in the presence of 10 μM DNQX. Right: Quantification of the oscillation index in MO3.13 cells after 10 μM AMPA exposure in the absence or in the presence of 10 μM DNQX. BLeft: Superimposed single‐cell traces representative of the effect of 100 μM D‐Asp on [Ca2+]i detected in MO3.13 cells in the absence or in the presence of 10 μM DNQX. Right: Quantification of the oscillation index in MO3.13 progenitors after 100 μM D‐Asp exposure in the absence or in the presence of 10 μM DNQX. (b) Quantification of the initial [Ca2+]i increase elicited by D‐Asp in M03.13 cells measured as Δ% of peak versus basal values in the absence or in the presence of 10 μM DNQX. CLeft: Superimposed single‐cell traces representative of the effect of 100 μM D‐Asp on [Ca2+]i detected in OPC in the absence or in the presence of 25 μM CNQX. CNQX was preincubated 5 min before registration. Right: Quantification of the oscillation index in OPC after 100 μM D‐Asp exposure in the absence or in the presence of 25 μM CNQX. (c) Quantification of the initial [Ca2+]i increase elicited by D‐Asp in OPC measured as Δ% of peak versus basal values in the absence or in the presence of 25 μM CNQX. DLeft: Superimposed single‐cell traces representative of the effect of 100 μM D‐Asp on [Ca2+]i detected in OPC in the absence or in the presence of 20 μM L‐trans‐pyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid (PDC). PDC was preincubated 5 min before registration. Right: Quantification of the oscillation index in OPC after 100 μM D‐Asp exposure in the absence or in the presence of 20 μM PDC. (d) Quantification of the initial [Ca2+]i increase elicited by D‐Asp in OPC measured as Δ% of peak versus basal values in the absence or in the presence of 20 μM PDC. Data information: The values represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experimental sessions. Level of significance was determined by using: in (A) one‐way ANOVA P < 0.001 followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, *P < 0.05 versus control (basal value), ˄P < 0.05 versus AMPA. Data are reported as mean of 15 cells in each group, n = 3 biological replicates; (B and b) one‐way ANOVA P < 0.001 followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, *P < 0.05 versus control (basal value), ˄P < 0.05 versus D‐Asp. Data are reported as mean of 22–30 cells in each group, n = 3 biological replicates; (C and c) one‐way ANOVA P < 0.001 and P = 0.023, respectively, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, *P < 0.05 versus control (basal value); ˄P < 0.05 versus D‐Asp. Data are reported as mean of 18–20 cells in each group, n = 3 biological replicates; (D and d) one‐way ANOVA P < 0.001 followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, *P < 0.05 versus control (basal value); ˄P < 0.05 versus D‐Asp. Data are reported as mean of 20 cells in each group, n = 3 biological replicates. See the exact P‐values from comparisons tests in Appendix Table S9. IF THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY OR IS OWNED BY A THIRD PARTY, AS INDICATED IN THE CAPTION LINE, THEN FURTHER PERMISSION MAY BE NEEDED BEFORE ANY FURTHER USE. PLEASE CONTACT WILEY'S PERMISSIONS DEPARTMENT ON PERMISSIONS@WILEY.COM OR USE THE RIGHTSLINK SERVICE BY CLICKING ON THE 'REQUEST PERMISSIONS' LINK ACCOMPANYING THIS ARTICLE. WILEY OR AUTHOR OWNED IMAGES MAY BE USED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSES, SUBJECT TO PROPER CITATION OF THE ARTICLE, AUTHOR, AND PUBLISHER. EMBO Mol Med, Volume: 11, Issue: 1, First published: 17 December 2018, DOI: (10.15252/emmm.201809278)