Traveling Through Six Kingdoms An Introduction to the Three Domains/ Six Kingdoms of Life Martin 2011

Characteristics of Life All living things have CELLS: All living things respond to their environment All Living things reproduce All living things use energy All living things grow and develop All living things adapt through evolution

Classification Groups Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species copyright cmassengale

Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. Most Specific copyright cmassengale

Two Types of Cells Prokaryote Simple cells DNA not in nucleus Eukaryote Complex cells DNA in nucleus

Prokaryotes: Two Domains, Two Kingdoms Domain: Archaea Kingdome:Archaebacteria Domain: Bacteria Domain: Eubacteria

Kingdom Archeabacteria May be the oldest form of life: lived 3.5 - 4 billion years ago Most live in extreme places similar to our young Earth: deep sea vents, boiling mud around volcanoes, very salty water (Dead Sea), acidic water Extremophiles

Specs: Unicellular: One cell Prokaryote: DNA is not in a nucleus Most are Heterotrophs ; a few are Autotrophs Asexual reproduction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9DNWcqxI4&feature=related

Kingdom: Eubacteria Live all around us, in us, and on us Most are very useful: Break down waste Make cheese and yogurt Make Vitamin K Make Oxygen A few cause disease

Specs Unicellular : one cell Prokaryote: DNA is not in a nucleus Most are Heterotroph; a few are Autotrophs Live under “normal” conditions Chemical composition is very different form Archeabacteria: Different type of DNA Asexual reproduction

Let’s Look at a Few Shapes Cocci Bacilli Spirilla (round) (rod) (spiral)

Domain Eukarya : Four Kingdoms Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Kingdom: Protista The “Leftover” Kingdom Plant-like Animal-like Fungus-like

Specs **Unicellular OR Multicellular Eukaryote: DNA is in a nucleus **Heterotrophs and Autotrophs **Asexual AND sexual reproduction **most common

A Peep into Kingdom Protista http://www.dnatube.com/video/287/Swimmng-Paramecium http://www.dnatube.com/video/7271/Amoeba-Phagocytosis

Kingdom Fungi Mushrooms, molds and mildews Most are useful (food, decomposers) A few cause disease: Athlete’s foot Ringworm Serious plant diseases

Specs Most are Multicellular Eukaryotes: DNA is in a nucleus ALL are Heterotrophs Decomposers (dead material) Parasites (living material) Asexual AND **Sexual reproduction

Kingdom Plantae From tiny Mosses to giant Redwood trees, all plants use Photosynthesis to obtain energy

Specs ALL are Multicellular Eukaryotes: DNA is in a nucleus ALL are Autotrophs Contain Chlorophyll (green pigment) for Photosynthesis **Sexual and asexual reproduction

Kingdom Animalia Most animals can MOVE to find food (at least during part of their life cycle) All animals must EAT Carnivore (Animals/ meat) Herbivore (Plants) Omnivore (Both plant and animal) Detritivore (Dead material) Parasites (Living material)

Specs ALL are Multicellular Eukaryotes: DNA is in a nucleus ALL are Heterotrophs Most Move **Sexual and asexual reproduction

The Animal Kingdom at a Glance

Thank you for visiting the Six Kingdoms of Life