In supine obese people, the weight of the abdomen pushes against the diaphragm, causing a cranial displacement of the muscle. In supine obese people, the.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Advertisements

Breathing Breathing- (aka ventilation), The process through which the respiratory system moves air into and out of the lungs. In contrast, Respiration.

Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Mechanics of Respiration Inspiration Resting –Diaphragm Active –Diaphragm –External intercostal muscles Diaphragm.

Chapter 19 Inspiration and Expiration. Ventilation Breathing – Movement of air from outside the body into the bronchial tree and alveoli and then back.

The Respiratory system Pulmonary ventilation – Chp 16 Respiration.

Mechanics of Breathing. Events of Respiration  Pulmonary ventilation – moving air in and out of the lungs  External respiration – gas exchange between.

Mechanisms of Ventilation

Key Questions for Understanding Respiratory Physiology.

Mechanisms of Ventilation Learning Targets: Define the process of ventilation. (knowledge) Determine how certain factors affect breathing rate. (reasoning)

TURN IN RESP. WORKSHEET IN BLUE BASKET. GET A BOOK. Monday, February 29, 2016.

RESPIRATION.  Gas exchange  4 tasks involved 1.Pulmonary ventilation 2.External respiration 3.Respiratory gas transport 4.Internal respiration.

Pulmonary Ventilation

Effect of nasal positive expiratory pressure (PEP) on 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance and pre- to post-exercise increase in lung volumes in each individual.

Is there a place for pressure-support ventilation and high positive end-expiratory pressure combined to alpha-2 agonists early in severe diffuse acute.

Grab a copy of the Lung Capacity Lab. Get a ruler. Get out your paper.

19.4: Breathing Mechanism Breathing or ventilation is the movement of air from outside of the body into the bronchial tree and the alveoli The actions.

Breathing Mechanisms.

Respiration Lung Compliance.

The patient is being ventilated with 2 types of breaths.

The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.

Airway pressure and flow waveforms during constant flow volume control ventilation, illustrating the effect of an end-inspiratory breath-hold. Airway pressure.

Events of Respiration Pages

Trigger pressure-time product (PTP) with zero pressure support, with no leak, medium leak, and large leak. Trigger pressure-time product (PTP) with zero.

Relationship between the recruited volume and the arithmetic mean of the ratios of lung density at PEEP 15 cm H2O to lung density at PEEP 5 cm H2O (μP15/P5)

Air flow during ventilator-supported speech production.

The Respiratory System

Schematic illustration of upper airway anatomical dead space volume (VD) during unidirectional breathing. Schematic illustration of upper airway anatomical.

Lung simulator diagram of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV): volume (yellow), lung pressure (white), and flow (orange)/time curve. Lung simulator.

Mechanics of Breathing (Pulmonary Ventilation)

Flow chart of pressure support test and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Flow chart of pressure support test and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). The.

Schematic representation of vertical pleural pressure (Ppl) distribution from the apex to the bases in the upright position and their respective diminishment.

Even though this patient is undergoing positive-pressure mechanical ventilation, the first 4 breaths have a relatively negative pressure (ie, pressure.

Differences in the distribution of lung densities in a patient with ARDS on a computed tomography scan between supine position (top) and prone position.

A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway pressure release ventilation (APRV). A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway.

An example of delayed cycling during pressure-support ventilation of a patient with COPD, on a Puritan Bennett 7200 ventilator, which has a flow-termination.

The third breath has a negative deflection (ie, below PEEP) at the end of the mechanical breath (arrow A) associated with a flow increase (arrow B), indicating.

Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous mandatory ventilation. Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous.

A: Schematic representation of the heterogeneity of the lungs of patients with ARDS. Normal alveoli are subject to injury due to overdistention, whereas.

The peak flows (60 L/min) and flow patterns are the same for all the breaths. The peak flows (60 L/min) and flow patterns are the same for all the breaths.

During this tracing of 30 seconds, the ventilator displays that the patient rate is 16 breaths/min. During this tracing of 30 seconds, the ventilator displays.

Comparison of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) (blue curve) and biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP) (black curve). Comparison of airway.

Trigger and synchronization windows.

Typical pressure-time curves during forced expiration against an occluded airway in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy controls. Typical pressure-time.

This tracing depicts 30 seconds of information.

Work rate as a function of pressurization rate and cycling-off threshold, during pressure-support ventilation of (A) patients with acute lung injury (ALI),

Example of Aerogen Solo Nebulizer before use with a fill volume of 3 mL normal saline (arrow 1) (A); the same nebulizer after random premature cessation.

Schematic drawing of alveolar sizes at upper (A), middle (B), and lower dependent (C) lung regions at end expiration and end inspiration. Schematic drawing.

Flow, esophageal pressure, airway pressure, and transpulmonary pressure can be used to calculate respiratory system compliance, chest-wall compliance,

Esophageal pressure, airway pressure, and transpulmonary pressure (PL) with PEEP set at 26 cm H2O (same patient as Fig. 24). Esophageal pressure, airway.

Negative pressures calculated with the Rosen and Hillard formula

Change in mean pulmonary arterial pressure after a 5-min inhalation of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, with.

The cause of asynchrony during volume-targeted ventilation and total asynchrony index. The cause of asynchrony during volume-targeted ventilation and total.

Calculated negative pressure developed in the lung plotted against the outside diameter of the suction catheter to the inside diameter of the airway. Calculated.

Flow, airway pressure, and transversus abdominis electromyogram (EMG) waveforms from a mechanically ventilated patient with COPD receiving pressure-support.

Schematic of mechanisms behind the better recruitment of alveoli with spontaneous breathing. Schematic of mechanisms behind the better recruitment of alveoli.

FEV1 and FVC for the control group (without noninvasive ventilation [NIV]), NIV with an inspiratory pressure (IPAP) of 15 cm H2O and expiratory pressure.

Determinants of patient-ventilator interaction.

Correlation between maximum inspiratory pressure and inspiratory load compensation (ILC) ventilatory variables in the 16 difficult-to-wean subjects, prior.

Ventilation protocol. Ventilation protocol. The PEEP group raised peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) through 5-cm H2O PEEP increments every 2 min while keeping.

A: Work of breathing before and after nebulized terbutaline delivered via standard nebulization method versus delivered during continuous positive airway.

Inspiratory load compensation responses before and after inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) in the unweaned versus weaned subjects, with a 10.

The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.

Relationship between airway resistance (Raw) and lung volume, the reciprocal of Raw (conductance of the airways [Gaw]) and lung volume, and Gaw/TGV (thoracic.

Representative tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (f) patterns of subjects with COPD and normal subjects during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Experimental setup. Experimental setup. Each tested ventilator was connected to the TTL test lung via a ventilator circuit. An oxygen analyzer, a pressure.

For inspiratory load compensation testing, this threshold positive expiratory pressure (PEP) training device was inverted and connected to a respiratory.

Difference between mid-frequency ventilation (MFV), volume control continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV), and pressure control CMV (PC-CMV) when frequency.

Average drug doses in the peripheral lung, central lung, and extrathoracic airway; residual drug left in the device; and residual drug that was exhaled.

Percent of extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) babies alive and off mechanical ventilation at 7 days, and median days on mechanical ventilation for ELBW.

Presentation transcript:

In supine obese people, the weight of the abdomen pushes against the diaphragm, causing a cranial displacement of the muscle. In supine obese people, the weight of the abdomen pushes against the diaphragm, causing a cranial displacement of the muscle. This increased pressure inside the pleural cavity causes atelectasis and hypoxemia, worsening the elastic properties of the respiratory system (elastance – cm H2O of pressure applied to the airways to change the volume of the respiratory system by 1 L). The reduction of aerated lung tissue at end-expiration reduces the functional residual capacity. The application of adequate levels of PEEP can prevent lung collapse. However, inadequate PEEP results in cyclic opening and closing of dependent alveoli, leading to ventilation-induced lung damage. David AE Imber et al. Respir Care 2016;61:1681-1692 (c) 2012 by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc.