Im Fong Chan & Michael J. Bordieri Murray State University

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Brian Thompson, PhD, & Jennifer Waltz, PhD ACBS World Conference June 24, 2010.
Advertisements

Measuring Abuse Sequelae: Validating and Extending the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 Tess M.S. Neal & Jacklyn E. Nagle Tess M.S. Neal & Jacklyn E. Nagle.
‘Being Kinder to Myself’ Elaine Beaumont, Lecturer University of Salford / Psychotherapist for Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service ‘Being Kinder.
Tuesday, June 22, 2010 Perspectives on Perspective Taking.
What Makes the Finger Point Internally? Predictors of Self-Blame/Guilt in Sexually Abused Boys and Girls ????? ???????? University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Does Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility predict Somatization, Depression, Anxiety and General Psychological Distress in a Non-clinical Asian American.
E FFECTS O F T RAUMA I NTENSITY O N P OSTTRAUMATIC G ROWTH: D EPRESSION, S OCIAL S UPPORT, C OPING AND G ENDER Jennifer Steward.
TEMPLATE DESIGN © s.com Spirituality and Experiential Avoidance in Social Anxiety Benjamin Ramos, Elizabeth Mejia-Muñoz, Michael.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as an Alternative to Exposure: A Pilot Study in the Treatment of Veterans Diagnosed with PTSD Katharine C. Sears, Ph.D.
RESILIENCE RESOURCES CONTRIBUTE TO BETTER HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG RHEUMATOIC ARTHRITIS PATIENTS Kate E. Murray, B.A., Brendt P. Parrish, B.S., Mary C. Davis,
POSTER TEMPLATE BY: om Sex Differences in Associations between Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) and Substance Use Lesley A.
Methods Participants Initially, 380 vocational and high school students (304 males) participated at the pre-intervention assessment phase. Of these, 48.
Can undergoing an internet based ACT intervention change the impact of predictors thought to lead to Substance Use? Leonidou. G., Savvides. S., N. & Karekla.
Chapter 5 Stress and Physical and Mental Health
Ta ble 3: R E S U L T S (C O N T.) ORGASM FUNCTIONING AND SEXUAL SATISFACTION: THE SELECTIVE PROTECTIVE VALUE OF GOOD RELATIONSHIPS Kyle R. Stephenson,
Introduction Disordered eating continues to be a significant health concern for college women. Recent research shows it is on the rise among men. Media.
Christopher S. Immel B.A., James M. Hadder B.S., Michael M. Knepp M.S., Russell T. Jones Ph.D., Thomas H. Ollendick Ph.D. INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY The.
Gender differences in symptom reporting: the influence of psychological traits. Laura Goodwin Dr Stephen Fairclough Liverpool John Moores University BACKGROUND.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system. MS often develops during the prime of life and is characterized.
Differences in Associations Between Forgiveness and Health Differences in Associations Between Forgiveness and Health Loren L. Toussaint, Ph.D., Kimberly.
Personally Important Posttraumatic Growth as a Predictor of Self-Esteem in Adolescents Leah McDiarmid, Kanako Taku Ph.D., & Aundreah Walenski Presented.
INTRODUCTION Emotional distress and sense of burden are experienced by many caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). 1-8 Predicting which.
General and Feeding Specific Behavior Problems in a Community Sample of Children Amy J. Majewski, Kathryn S. Holman & W. Hobart Davies University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
Perceived Risk and Emergency Preparedness: The Role of Self-Efficacy Jennifer E. Marceron, Cynthia A. Rohrbeck Department of Psychology, The George Washington.
Method Introduction Results Discussion Mean Negative Cigarette Systoli Previous research has reported that across the nation 29% of college students engage.
Fran Hite with Dr. Matt Gray Psychology Department University of Wyoming Honors Program.
Trauma and Somatic Symptoms: Psychological Inflexibility as a Mediator Anne I. Roche, BS, Emily B. Kroska, M.A., Michael W. O'Hara, Ph.D., Rosaura Orengo-Aguayo,
in Assaulted Women and Related to Maintenance of Physical Health
Could Well-Being be a Mechanism of Intentional Growth Training’s Effect on Depressive Symptoms? Kevin A. Harmon, MA, Andrew K. Littlefield, PhD, Christine.
Child Abuse and Women’s Mental Health:
Attention Bias Modification Treatment Following Sexual Trauma
Attachment style and condom use across and within dating relationships
Paul B. Ingram IV2 and Brian P. Cole1
Impact of Sleep Disturbances on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Perceived Health Geneviève Belleville1,2, Stéphane Guay2, & André Marchand1,2.
Tina Wang1, Carolyn Davies, M. A. 1, Lisa Burklund, Ph. D
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL)
Moderated Mediation Model
Standardized Coefficients (Beta)
SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY
Frank L. Gardner PhD, Meredith Story MA and Justine Benedicks BA
‘Being Kinder to Myself’
Rational Beliefs in Posttraumatic Stress Responses
53% (n = 93) males, 47% (n = 84) females
Predictors of Parenting Self-Efficacy in Parents Attending College
Self-help for Social Anxiety:
Discussion and Next Steps
Paranormal Experiences are Predictive of Poorer Mental Health
Introduction Hypotheses Results Discussion Method
The role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Anxiety Sensitivity
Discussion & Future Directions
SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY
Introduction Results Hypotheses Discussion Method
C. K. Smith, G. Gaither, P. Lin & A. M. Spurling
Brittney L. Assavedo, B.S. & Michael D. Anestis, Ph.D.
How many sessions are Enough
Madeline (Mads) Bruce, Faculty Mentor: Sara O’Brien, PhD
R2 = .06, adjusted R2 = .05, F(3,187) =4.15, p<.01
Charles C. Benight, Ph. D. , Lesley Johnson, B. A
Between Gender and PTSD Symptomatology
Emily A. Davis & David E. Szwedo James Madison University Introduction
Lauren A. Barlotta & David E. Szwedo James Madison University
General Social Competence (18)
Kristin E. Gross & David E. Szwedo James Madison University
Treating Children with Multiple Traumas – A Randomized Controlled Trial in Pragmatic Clinical Setting Kirsi Peltonen, Ph.D, & Samuli Kangaslampi, MA, University.
Aashna A. Dhayagude & David E. Szwedo James Madison University
The Resiliency Scale for Young Adults Revisited
Abstract The purpose of this study was to validate the association between multiple stressful life occurrences and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in an American.
Examining Deprivation and Threat Dimensions of Trauma Exposure with Recidivism Outcomes and Risk Among Justice-Involved Youth Becca K. Bergquist, M. A.,
Self-Compassion as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Cognitive Fusion and Anxiety in College Students Shannon B. Underwood, Eric D. Tifft, Glenn.
International Academic Multidisciplinary Research Conference in Rome
Presentation transcript:

Predicting vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder using hierarchical linear regression Im Fong Chan & Michael J. Bordieri Murray State University INTRODUCTION ANALYSIS RESULTS(Psychological Flexibility) IV: Biological sex (Female = 0) IV: Lifetime exposure to traumatic events on Life Events Checklist (LEC-5; Gray, Litz, Hsu, & Lombardo, 2004). IV: Psychological flexibility on AAQ-II, AAQ-II measures inflexibility, higher scores indicate less psychological flexibility (AAQ-II; α = .93; Bond et al., 2011). IV: Self-compassion on SCS, SCS measures levels of self-compassion to oneself, higher scores indicate higher self-compassion (SCS; α = .92; Neff, 2003). DV: Trauma symptoms on PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5; α = 0.94; Blevins et al., 2015). Psychological flexibility was entered in the second step, which resulted in a significant increase in R² ∆ = .37, F (4, 98) = 14.38, p < .001. Psychological flexibility was significantly predictive of PTSD above and beyond self-compassion after biological sex and trauma exposure had been taken into account. Considerable evidence has established risk factors which increase vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder (Bonanno, Brewin, Kaniasty, & Greca, 2010; Foa, Ehlers, Clark, Tolin, & Orsillo, 1999). Females are at higher risk than males of developing post-traumatic stress disorder following exposure to traumatic events, despite the number of traumatic events experienced by males are higher than females (Irish, Fischer, Fallon, Spoonster, Sledjeski, & Delahanty, 2011). Individuals who had greater levels of mindfulness and acceptance, which are core components of psychological flexibility, report lower severity of PTSD symptoms following trauma exposure (Bonanno, Brewin, Kaniasty, & Greca, 2010). Reductions in self-criticism, which led to greater self-compassion, was associated with reductions in PTSD symptoms (Foa & Rauch, 2004). However, the hierarchical relationship of PTSD on gender, number of traumatic events, psychological flexibility, and self-compassion has not been fully examined in previous research. Table 2. Hierarchical Multiple Regression Predicting Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Psychological flexibility as a more important variable to determine if it accounts for additional variance in PTSD over and above that already accounted for by the other predictors in the model) Predictor variable B SE B b ∆R2 Step 1   .207 Biological Sex -7.58* 3.53 -.20 Life Events Checklist 1.51* .65 .21 Self-Compassion -9.55** 2.70 -.32 Step 2 .37 Psychological Flexibility .839** 2.88 -.06 RESULTS (Self-Compassion) Overall, the model entered with variables of psychological flexibility, biological sex, and lifetime traumatic events accounted for 36.8% of the variance in predicting symptoms of PTSD, which was significant, F (3, 99) = 19.18, p < .001. A higher number of lifetime exposure to traumatic events was significantly predictive of higher levels of PTSD. Psychological flexibility was significantly associated with the severity of PTSD such that psychologically inflexible individuals reported significantly higher levels of PTSD than psychologically flexible individuals. However, biological sex was not significantly related to the prediction of PTSD symptoms. Self-compassion was entered in the second step, which did not significantly improve the prediction of PTSD above and beyond psychological flexibility, R²∆ = .002, F (4, 98) = 14.38, p = .55. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to examine a.) the predictive effect of these variables on PTSD and evaluate if self-compassion improves prediction of PTSD above and beyond psychological flexibility while controlling for biological sex and traumatic events; b.) the predictive effect of psychological flexibility on PTSD above and beyond self-compassion while controlling for biological sex and traumatic events. *p < .05. **p < .01. DISCUSSION Self-compassion did not significantly improve the prediction of the severity of PTSD after biological sex and trauma exposure had been taken into account. Table 1. Hierarchical Regression Predicting Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Self-Compassion as a more important variable to determine if it accounts for additional variance in PTSD over and above that already accounted for by the other predictors in the model) Psychological flexibility was significantly predictive of additional variance in PTSD symptoms while controlling for biological sex and trauma exposure, suggesting that psychological flexibility serves as a strong predictor to the development of PTSD. PARTICIPANTS (N =103) Predictor variable B SE B b ∆R2 Step 1   .368** Biological Sex -3.80 3.24 -.10 Life Events Checklist 1.18* .58 .16 Psychological flexibility .89** .14 .54 Step 2 .37 Self-Compassion -1.72 2.88 -.06 80 females and 23 males were recruited from a Southern Regional University. A total of 103 undergraduates were recruited (N = 103). 56.3 % Freshmen; 20.4 % sophomore; 22.3 % Upper class men 90.3% Caucasian. Psychological flexibility functions as a strong protective factor for the development of PTSD. Mindfulness-based intervention led to significant reductions in posttraumatic stress disorders’ symptoms, indicating that interventions targeting psychological flexibility were likely to enhance individual emotional resilience (Vujanovic, Niles, Pietrefesa, Schmertz, & Potter, 2013). MEASURES Findings from this study validated a consistent result as previous studies suggested that biological sex was significantly related to PTSD symptoms (Breslau,1997). Future studies could explore what factors contribute to the association between PTSD and biological sex. Trauma Symptoms: PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5; α = 0.94; Blevins et al., 2015). Lifetime exposure to traumatic events: Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5; α = 0.94; Gray, Litz, Hsu, & Lombardo, 2004).  Psychological flexibility: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II; α = .93; Bond et al., 2011). Self- Compassion Scale (SCS; α = .92; Neff, 2003). The construct of fantasy, an individual tendency to transpose oneself imaginatively into the feelings and actions of fictitious characters were found to be higher in women than men (Davis,1983). This difference in gender might be one of the factors which lead women to endorse higher levels of PTSD than men. *p < .05. **p < .01. RESULTS(Psychological Flexibility) Overall, the model entered with variables of self-compassion, biological sex, and lifetime traumatic events accounted for 20.7% of the variance in predicting symptoms of PTSD, which was significant, F (3, 99) = 8.59, p < .001. A higher number of trauma exposure was significantly predictive of higher levels of PTSD. Women reported experiencing significantly severer PTSD symptoms than men. Self- compassion was significantly related to the prediction of PTSD symptoms such that the lower self-compassion individuals were, the higher levels of PTSD symptoms they endorsed. REFERENCES PROCEDURE Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28, 489-498. doi: 10.1002/jts.22059 Bonanno, G. A., Brewin, C. R., Kaniasty, K., & Greca, A. M. L. (2010). Weighing the costs of disaster: Consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 11(1), 1-49. doi.org/10.1177/1529100610387086 Bond, F.W., Hayes, S.C., Baer, R.A., Carpenter, K.M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H.K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R.D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy 42(4), 676-688. doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007 Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P., Peterson, E. L., & Schultz, L. R. (1997). Sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(11), 1044-1048. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230082012 Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999). The posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological assessment, 11(3), 303. doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.303 Foa, E. B., & Rauch, S. A. (2004). Cognitive changes during prolonged exposure versus prolonged exposure plus cognitive restructuring in female assault survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(5), 879. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.879 Gray, M.J., Litz, B.T., Hsu, J.L., & Lombardo, T.W. (2004). Psychometric properties of the life events checklist. Assessment 11(4), 330-341. doi: 10.1177/1073191104269954. Irish, L. A., Fischer, B., Fallon, W., Spoonster, E., Sledjeski, E. M., & Delahanty, D. L. (2011). Gender differences in PTSD symptoms: An exploration of peritraumatic mechanisms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(2), 209-216. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.004.  Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027 Vujanovic, A. A., Youngwirth, N. E., Johnson, K. A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2009). Mindfulness-based acceptance and posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed adults without axis I psychopathology. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 297–303. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis Multisite data collection was utilized to explore the relationships between various measures of psychological flexibility and psychopathology. For this study, data was collected from an online survey platform at a single southern regional university.