TOPIC 13: the new deal 13.4-13.6

Explain how new deal legislation promoted the well-being of workers.

How did the policies of the second New Deal improve the standard of living of Americans?

How did the New Deal lead to the rise of a welfare state?

How did the New Deal benefit different groups in American society?

In what ways were the 1930s a golden age for entertainment?

What was the Federal Art Project?

2. Progress had been made, but there still was a long way to go. Expanding New Deal Programs 1. FDR’s goals for the first phases of the New Deal were relief, recovery, and reform. 2. Progress had been made, but there still was a long way to go. 3. Beginning in early 1935, Roosevelt launched an aggressive campaign to find solutions to the ongoing problems caused by the Great Depression.

4. This campaign, sometimes known as the Second New Deal, created Social Security and other programs that continue to have a profound impact on the everyday lives of Americans.

Children called attention to the fact that New Deal programs had failed to lift many out of poverty and unemployment by carrying picket signs in support of the Workers Alliance.

1933: 11% 1945: 49% Expanding New Deal Programs Analyze Graphs What percentage of farms had electricity at the beginning of Roosevelt's presidency (1933) compared to the end of his presidency (1945)?

***Few belonged to labor unions. Labor Unions Thrive 1. Even before the Great Depression, most industrial workers worked long hours for little pay. ***Few belonged to labor unions. 2. During the Great Depression, there was an increase in union activity. ***New unions enlisted millions of workers from the mining and automobile industries.

Analyze Data: NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER/INSTANT STAR! In general, how has the relationship between the minimum wage and the real minimum wage changed over the past 40 years? Using the graph, how can you explain this change? Over time, minimum wage has slowly increased but the buying power has not.

**Roosevelt carried every state but Maine and Vermont. Opposition to the New Deal 1. Franklin Roosevelt won an overwhelming victory in the presidential election of 1936. **He received 61% of the vote, compared to just 37% for his Republican challenger, Alfred M. Landon. **Roosevelt carried every state but Maine and Vermont.

Opposition to the New Deal 2. FDR entered his second term determined to challenge the Supreme Court, which had struck down many of his programs.

Some New Deal Policies Face Judicial Scrutiny Opposition to the New Deal Some New Deal Policies Face Judicial Scrutiny Roosevelt’s Court-Packing “Scheme” Economic Setbacks Help Conservative Candidates Roosevelt's Court packing plan: A move by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to increase the size of the Supreme Court and then bring in several new justices who would change the balance of opinion on the Court. The U.S. Supreme Court, in striking down a number of the New Deal's provisions as unconstitutional, was the greatest obstacle keeping Roosevelt from fully implementing his program.

Unemployment increased following the cutback on federal spending Analyze Graphs: FACE PARTNER How did Roosevelt’s cutback on federal spending in 1937 affect the unemployment rate? Unemployment increased following the cutback on federal spending

22. What did John Maynard Keynes’s theory of pump priming argue? 1. New Supreme Court Justices would improve judicial impartiality. 2. Public-works projects would harm the economy by generating debt. 3. Deficit spending would stimulate the economy and end the depression. 4. Funding for Social Security would face long-term sustainability problems 3. Deficit spending would stimulate the economy and end the depression.

23. What was the purpose of the Congress of Industrial Organizations? 1. to lobby for minimum wage legislation 2. to protest the unjust practices of General Motors 3. to encourage the government to repeal the Wagner Act 4. to organize workers who were excluded from other unions 4. to organize workers who were excluded from other unions

1. The existing Supreme Court began to favor his legislation. 24. Why did President Roosevelt decide not to pursue his “court packing” plan? 1. The existing Supreme Court began to favor his legislation. 2. Widespread criticism threatened to destroy his presidency. 3. The impending outbreak of World War II distracted his attention. 4. He was unable to find suitable individuals to fill the new positions. 1. The existing Supreme Court began to favor his legislation.